Andy Warhol vs. James Gill - 2638 Words

Misty Gifford Instructor Tim Harding American Art History 21 May 2013 Andy Warhol vs. James Gill The following paper will compare and contrast the works of Andy Warhol and James F. Gill. I will begin by discussing Mao Tse-Tung No. 91 by Andy Warhol. This is a silk-screen portrait of the communist Chinese leader Mao Tse-Tung. It is a simple forward facing portrait from the shoulders up, created with garish colors. Artist: Andy Warhol Title: Mao Tse-Tung No. 91, 1972 Size: 36† x 36† Medium: Screen print on Beckett High White Paper In this work, Andy Warhol used very saturated colors to create a bold image that stands out from the norms of art. The colors on his pallet for this particular work are yellow, blue-violet, and†¦show more content†¦The blue and orange are complimentary to one another, and blue-green is a tertiary color. These pigments agree with one another. The way that they are placed on the canvas makes it easy for the eye to travel. The arrangement on the canvas begins at the top and works its way to the bottom. Much like the choice in color, the arrangement also assists in helping the eye to travel across the entire work of art. When James Francis Gill was first recognized in 1962 at The Felix Landau Gallery in L.A., he did so by walking into the gallery unannounced with a series of paintings under his arm titled â€Å"Women in Cars†. (Galerie Michael) In these earlier works, Gill illustrated upper class women who always wore their sunglasses stepping out of their cars. I t bewildered him that you could never see their eyes; therefore, he chose to do a series about it. (James Gill Full Circle) Candy Apple Chick II I believe is accompanied by this earlier idea of Gill’s, although the triple portrait of the woman does not have on sunglasses. This to me represents some sort of awakening. It almost says to me, â€Å"I don’t have to hide; now I can see the light.† In a very seductive manner, the woman’s leg is stepping out of the car. She wears a black stiletto, and you can see where the top of her panty hose ends. If you were to put sunglasses on this woman, it would seem that she was hiding a secret or maybe just wanted to appear mysterious. Then instead of a woman’s face with eyesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagesmultiple exposures * alvon langdon coburn (1882-1966) used strong kaleidoscope patterns * man ray (1890-1976) used darkroom manipulation and strange studio setups to create his photographs CHAPTER 14 - PICTORIAL MODERNISM * beggarstaff brothers: james pryde and william nicholson * opened an advertising agency in 1894 * created a new technique called collage * individual pieces were cut out and moved around to create their desired look - resulting in flat panes of colour kassama corn flour *

What was the historical significance of Voltaires...

What was the historical significance of Voltaires Candide and its relevance during the Enlightenment? In his work, Candide, Voltaire uses satire as a means of conveying his opinions about many aspects of European society in the eighteenth century, a period known as the Enlightenment. This Age of Reason swept through Europe, offering differing views on science, religion, and politics. The following essay will outline the philosophical theory of Pangloss, a character of the novel and suggest how his optimistic worldview is challenged by numerous disasters. I will also justify the reasons Voltaire attacks hypocrisy, most prevalent in religion, and displays the cruel actions of the priests, monks, and other religious leaders. In the†¦show more content†¦He disagrees with how the government works, how the nobility acts, and especially the religious leaders who do not practice what they preach. Although Voltaire shows how impossible it is to reach an ideal society, he suggests that people should work hard and be honest to live life as happily and practically as possible. Voltaire includes many duplicitously holy Characters and blasphemous events done in the name of religion. The most comical example of this is when Cunegonde casually maintains, I had an excellent seat, and delicious refreshments were served to the ladies between Mass and the execution when asked about her experience at the auto-da-fe. The auto-da-fe, or act of faith, was the Inquisitions practice of burning heretics alive. Pangloss had been unjustly hanged, dissected, beaten to a pulp, and -sentenced to the galleys. The officials of the Inquisition systematically tortured and murdered tens of thousands of people on the slightest suspicion of heresy against orthodox Christian doctrine. Jews, Protestants, Muslims, and accused witches were victims of this organized campaign of violence. Like many Enlightenment intellectuals, Voltaire was appalled by the barbarism and superstition of the Inquisition, and by the religious fervour that inspired it. Within Candide are many examples of the evils that accompany materialism. When he and his friends have money, peace, and security, and he finally marries Cunegonde, he is far

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Business Responsebilities

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics and Social Responsibility for Business Responsebilities. Answer: Introduction According to Navi (2012), every business has some responsibilities toward the environment in which they operate which include the society, employees of the company, people from the adjacent community, etc. This is called Corporate Social Responsibilities. Every business irrespective of the size and nature of the industry needs to perform these responsibilities. Apart from all these, there are other responsibilities like to save the energy, save the water, save the electricity, employ sustainable production process, etc. It has been seen that the big corporation often tend to ignore these responsibilities toward the society, but the comparatively small companies are more efficient towards the corporate social responsibilities (Clapp and Rowlands 2014). This study is about the evaluation of corporate social responsibilities of the company named New Belgium Brewing. The company was situated in the year of 1991 by Jeff Lebesch. After having a trip to Belgium, Mr. Jeff became inspired with the ales of Belgium and decided to come back to Colorado to start his brewery. After taken the feedback from his friends, Mr. Jeff started to market his beer and thats the start of the journey of New Belgium Brewery (www.newbelgium.com 2016). The primary aim of the report is to evaluate the corporate social responsibilities of New Belgium Brewery as they are the trendsetter in the brewery industry for their initiatives to sustain the environment. The study tries to recognize the environmental issues they are dealing with and what are the strategies they have taken to address those issues. At last based on the whole study, a conclusion has been drawn. Environmental Issues Strategies Issues New Belgium Brewery is a company which produces beers in the stares of Colorado. In spite of the fact that they are an alcohol manufacturing company, they take great care of the environment that they are operating in. In other words, they are the trendsetter in this industry regarding taking care of the environment. They have addressed all types of environmental issues that are caused by their operation and it is a continuing process (Paiva et al. 2015). The issues are discussed below: One of the major issues NBB are addressing is to prevent the wastage of water. Brewer industry needs a lot of water to produce beer. The production process creates a lot of waste water. NBB has taken this issue very seriously and working toward it. Another problem they are addressing is to save the power. They are against the type of energy which causes the air pollution. Thats why they are searching for alternative energy sources. NBB is determined to make use of the wastages as they are one of the greatest reasons for pollution. They are taking strategies to maximum use of the resources they use. They believe in the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Overall, NBB has addressed all types of issues that can harm the environment (Melo and Garridoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Morgado 2012). Strategies NBB has taken some amazing strategies to address the above-discussed issues. They have taken several steps to promote eco-friendly business. To address the water issue they have taken some steps. First of all, NBB has launched a system which captures the wasted water from the factory and extracts the methane from it. This process contributes to the 15% power supply to the production process. Then, NBB has installed a steam condenser which catches reuses the hot water and use the water to boil the barley for the production process. Their future goal about water is to use 3.5 gallons of water to produce 1 gallon of beer (www.newbelgium.com 2016). The next step is to save the energy. For this purpose, they have installed a smart grid which gives them indication when there is any wastage of energy. To produce the necessary electricity of their own, they have installed a 20 kilowatt photovoltaic which generates 3% of the electricity the company use. Using of sub-tunnels provides daytime light to the beer factory throughout the year. The company is aiming to recycle the supplies as many as possible. They use to gather the extra barley hop grains and distribute them to the farmers free of cost to feed the domestic animals. These are the steps NBB has taken to address the environmental issues (www.newbelgium.com 2016). The Reason: According to Pearce, Barbier and Markandya (2013), each and every business has some core value which sets the directions for them. Some of the businesss primary aim is to earn more revenues and maximize the profits. They dont even care about the environment, communities, etc. However, New Belgium Brewery is not among them. The main aim of the business is not only earning revenues but also take good care of the environment in which they are operating. At the start of the business, Mr. Jeff Lebesch and his wife Kim Jordan climbed to the top of a mountain and they wrote some values which are still the core values of the company. Anyone can see the edited version of the written values in the official website of the company. They believed that their business is not only earning money, but the business would have some core values as the life of the company. That is the reason NBB do not believe in only taking from the environment i.e. resources, but they believe in giving back something to the environment. Whenever they get the chance of doing something good for the environment, they grab the opportunity. In overall, these are the reasons why NBB has taken such steps towards the sustainability of the environment (Reid 2013). Competitive Advantage According to Baker and Sinkula (2015), Twenty-first centuries is the era of extreme competition. Companies are in the race of going ahead of each other. In this situation, the primary motive of almost every company is to maximize the profit by maximizing the revenue. And for this reason, they are ignoring the source of all the things, the environment. However, making a profit is the priority of every company, but it is not the only priority of the companies. It must be kept in mind that the source of all energy and resources is Environment. But the environment also has limited resources and every company must keep that in mind. Nowadays companies all over the world are paying attention to the environment issues after watching the fatal effects of Global Warming. Now, they are getting the matter that they should take care of the environment to stay in business; otherwise, the day is not far when the resources of the environment will be finished and the whole world will be in extreme d anger (Campbell, Coff and Kryscynski 2012). But the story is totally different in the case of New Belgium Brewery. NBB is such a company that took the initiative of sustainable development at the first day of the beginning of the company. The core values about the environment development are same still today as the first day of the company. Mr. Jeff believed in something which would differentiate the company from the others and that is not the amount of money that the business would. According to Mr. Jeff, the USB of NBB would be sustainability with profit making. That would balance both the objectives of the company i.e. to expand the business by making a profit with taking good care of the environment. From the beginning day, New Belgium Brewery adopted the theory of Triple Bottom line, commonly known as TBL approach. As pet TBL, the success of the business is measured not by how much money the business has made but by economic, social and environmental progress. From that time the NBB has developed a culture of sustainable development (Marchi, Maria and Micelli 2013). When the company was incorporated its business, it was a subtle business with some limited assets. At present the company is also behind of some of the big players in this industry like Coloradan Coors, but the growth story of the company is far better than some of the big players in this industry. The projected sales of NBB are more than $180 million. NBB is selling more than 8,00,000 barrels of beers per year and it is estimated to increase in the future. The craft beer industry is witnessing a growth of 11% where the total consumption of beer is not good. This fact indicates the contribution of NBB in the crafted beer industry (Yadav, Han, and Kim 2016). NBB is behind of some major player in this industry like D.G. Yuengling and Son, Boston Beer Co. and the Sierra Nevada regarding market share; but when the matter is about environmentally sustainable development, New Belgium Brewery is far more ahead than the other. By seeing the contribution of NBB towards the environmental issues, other brewery companies like Boston Beer Co and the Sierra Nevada are planning to contribute to the cause of environmental issues. NBB has won a lot of major awards over the year for their well business plan which includes the environment as a vital aspect. They won Business Ethics Award from Business Ethics Magazine for their innovative steps taken in the production process. They have won the award of "Best mid-sized brewing company of the year." The inclusion of the company in The Wall Street Journal is a worthy achievement. They are receiving several awards for their different beer brands; even customers write them about their different products (Saeid i et al. 2015). Form the above discussion; it is clear that New Belgium Brewery is one of the leading beer makers in Colorado irrespective of their size. Though NBB is behind some of the top players in market share, but they are far more advance than any companies regarding dealing with environmental issues and their eco-friendly business culture. The responsibility towards the environment gives them an advantage over their competitors (Forsman 2013). Socially Responsible Corporation Different people has different thinking process; rather it can be said that different era has different thinking process. People from a different era, different time thinks differently. Hence, it is obvious that there will be a conflict among the thought process of different people. Now coming to the context of social responsibilities of alcohol and tobacco products manufacturing companies, it is a debatable issue. Most of the people from different era think that alcohol and tobacco manufacturing companies cannot have any responsibility towards the environment and the society as they are producing the products which are harmful to the health of the people. This is a very fact that consumption of tobacco and alcohol is indeed injurious to health. Both the products cause cancer. According to World Health Organization, the number of people dies in the world due to cancer is 8.2 million and the number is continuously increasing. Standing at this point, this question naturally arises that are the alcohol and tobacco products manufacturing companies socially responsible corporations? This particular question can be answered by taking into consideration the operation of New Belgium Brewery (Yoon and Lam 2013). New Belgium Brewery is a company which produces crafted beer in the regions of Colorado. Some people of the community have raised a question that is NBB an environmentally responsible company? The main reason behind this question is that NBB produces alcohol that is harmful to the health of the people. The answer can be given by explaining the values, operations and strategies of the NBB regarding the environmental issues (Galea and McKee 2014). New Belgium Brewery is a company which believes that sustainable development is the heart of their organization. NBB does not believe in taking from the environment; they are determined to return something to the environment. As the environment is the source of maximum resources NBB use for their production, they have taken some mind blowing strategies to address various issues about the environment. It is a universal fact that alcohol and tobacco are something which causes injury to health. That's why NBB believes in the concept of Responsible Drinking. According to NBB, if people choose to drink responsibly, the company will do everything for the betterment of the society and environment. And NBB has kept their promise (Servaes and Tamayo 2013). Maybe NBB is an alcohol manufacturing company, but their eco-friendly organizational culture is far better than any other companies. They have taken strategies to prevent the wastage of water. The total wastage of water in NBB is 1% as they make all the waste water usable. They have installed different plant and machines to preserve the energy; they also have a photovoltaic array that can produce electricity for the factory. They have plans to build windmills to produce electricity. On the other hand, NBB takes utmost care to their employees. NBB is a fully employee-owned company. All the employees and the mangers believe in sustainable development and they have an eco-friendly business culture (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). From the above study, it can be seen that New Belgium Brewery is an environment dedicated company. Though they produce beer, still they do not leave any chance to do some goods for the environment. NBB is inviting people to drink their beers, but they are telling to drink beer responsibly. For the reason NBB is using resources from the environment, they have taken strategies to address the environment related issues and they are successful in that so far. People from all over the world and all industries are applauding their initiatives to make good for the environment. Nowadays, New Belgium Brewery is widely known for their sustainable development strategies. Hence, it is clear that New Belgium Brewery is a socially responsible corporation. NBB is a perfect example of the fact that doing well for the environment doesnt require the industry background; even an alcohol beverage or a tobacco product manufacturer can protect the environment better than other companies (Frederickson, Mol davanova and Stazyk 2014). Conclusion Standing at the claw of global warming, sustainable development is a growing issue to the organizations all over the world. It has been seen that big corporations sometimes tend to ignore the issue of environmental damages, but the small and midsize corporations are adopting the strategies to address those issues and they have been successful in doing so. It is the responsibility of every company irrespective of size and industry to address the environmental issues and take care of the society. This study evaluates the different sustainable strategies of the beer manufacturer in Colorado, New Belgium Brewery. Though NBB is not a big corporation, the sustainable strategies they have taken from the day one of their business is commendable. The founder of the company Mr. Jeff Lebesch believed that there would be some purposes that would be the heart of the company beyond profitability. And the purpose was sustainable development. The core values which Mr. Jeff wrote that day, still motivates the business today and these values differentiate New Belgium Brewery from other companies. NBB has addressed all environmental issues caused by their operations. The issues are wastage of water, saving energy; reuse the waste materials, etc. If a company wants to protect the environment, it has every right to do so. There is nothing like that a company which produces alcohol or tobacco products cannot be called a socially responsible corporation. There should be a message from the company end that will request the customer to take alcohol or tobacco responsibly without harming their health. References Baker, W.E. and Sinkula, J.M., 2015. Maintaining Competitive Advantage Through Organizational Unlearning. InProceedings of the 1999 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 206-209). Springer International Publishing. Campbell, B.A., Coff, R. and Kryscynski, D., 2012. Rethinking sustained competitive advantage from human capital.Academy of Management Review,37(3), pp.376-395. Christensen, L.J., Mackey, A. and Whetten, D., 2014. Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, Clapp, J. and Rowlands, I.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance, p.42. Forsman, H., 2013. Environmental innovations as a source of competitive advantage or vice versa?.Business Strategy and the Environment,22(5), pp.306-320. Frederickson, H.G., Moldavanova, A. and Stazyk, E.C., 2014. Sustainability, intergenerational social equity, and the socially responsible organization.Administration Galea, G. and McKee, M., 2014. Publicprivate partnerships with large corporations: setting the ground rules for better health.Health policy,115(2), pp.138-140. Marchi, V.D., Maria, E.D. and Micelli, S., 2013. Environmental strategies, upgrading and competitive advantage in global value chains.Business strategy and the environment,22(1), pp.62-72. Melo, T. and Garridoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Morgado, A., 2012. Corporate reputation: A combination of social responsibility and industry.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,19(1), pp.11-31. Navi, S.T., 2012. Corporate social responsibility. Newbelgium.com. (2016).Environmental Metrics. [online] Available at: https://www.newbelgium.com/sustainability/environmental-metrics [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Newbelgium.com. (2016).files/sustainability/new_belgium_sustainability_brochure.pdf?pdf=sustainabilityreport. [online] Available at: https://www.newbelgium.com/files/sustainability/new_belgium_sustainability_brochure.pdf?pdf=sustainabilityreport [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Newbelgium.com. (2016).History and Core Values and Beliefs. [online] Available at: https://www.newbelgium.com/Brewery/company/history [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Paiva, E.L., Biazzin, C., Di Serio, L.C. and de Andrade, M.C.F., 2015. Is There a Bitter Flavor in Sustainability for the Sugar-Alcohol Industry?.Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management,8(1), pp.46-56. Pearce, D., Barbier, E. and Markandya, A., 2013.Sustainable development: economics and environment in the Third World. Routledge. Reid, D., 2013.Sustainable development: an introductory guide. Routledge. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. and Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), pp.1045-1061. Yadav, P.L., Han, S.H. and Kim, H., 2016. Sustaining Competitive Advantage Through Corporate Environmental Performance.Business Strategy and the Environment. Yoon, S. and Lam, T.H., 2013. The illusion of righteousness: corporate social responsibility practices of the alcohol industry.BMC Public Health,13(1), p.630.

Strategic Human Resource Management - Pepsi Cola International

Questions: 1. Choose two organizations of your choice and explain the importance of Strategic Human Resource Management in the chosen organizations. - Unilever- Pepsi Cola International 1.1 Explain the importance of strategic human resource management in organizations? Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. 2. Case studySiemens is a 150-years old German company, but its not the company it was even a few years ago. Until recently, Siemens focused on producing electrical products. Today the firm has diversified into software, engineering, and services, and is also global, with over 400.000 employees working in 190 countries. In other words, Siemens became a world leader by pursuing a corporate strategy that emphasized diversifying into high tech products and services, and doing so on a global basis. its a corporate strategy like that, human resources management plays a big role at Siemens .Sophisticated engineering and services require more focus on employee selection, training, and compensation than in the average firm, and globalization requires delivering these services globally. Siemens sums up the basic themes of its HR strategy in several points. A living Company is learning Company: The high tech nature of Siemenss business means that employees must be able to learn on a continuing basis. Siemens uses its system of combined classroom and hands on apprenticeship training around the world to help facilitate this .It also offers employees extensive continuing education and management development. Global teamwork is the key to developing and using all the potential of the firms human resources. Because it is so important for employees throughout Siemens to feel free to work together and interact, employees have to understand the whole process, not just bits and pieces. To support this .Siemens provides extensive training and development. It also ensures that all employees feel theyre part of a strong unifying corporate identity .For example, HR uses cross border, cross cultural experiences as prerequisites for career advances. A climate of mutual respect is the basis of all relationships-within the company and with society .Siemens contends that the wealth of nationalities, cultures, languages, and outlooks represented by its employees is one of its most valuable assets .It therefore engages in numerous .HR activities aimed at building openness, transparency, and fairness, and supporting diversity. 3. Analyse the business factors that underpin human resource planning in an organization and assess the human resource requirements in a given situation in the chosen organization. 4. Based on the identifications, develop a human resource plan for the organization and Critically evaluate how a human resources plan can contribute to meeting an organizations objectives. 5. Explain the purpose of human resource management policies of the chosen organizations .6. Analyse the impact of regulatory requirements on human resource policies in your chosen organizations. 7. Explain the organizational structure of your chosen organization and analyse its impact on management of human resources.8. Explain the organizational culture of your chosen organization and analyse its impact on the management of human resources. 9. Examine how the effectiveness of human resources management is monitored in your chosen organization. 10. Make justified recommendations to improve the effectiveness of human resources management in your chosen organization. Answers: Part 1 Introduction Strategic human resource management is often termed as SHRM or strategic HRM. SHRM is regarded as managing the human resources to provide a framework. The framework is to support the business on a long term basis to achieve business goals as well as outcomes. SHRM is designed in such a way so as to help the companies in order to meet the requirements of the employees of the organization. It also seeks to achieve the company goals while meeting the needs of the employees. Basically human resource management involves the benefits of the employees, hiring, training, firing and even administration (Armstrong, 2008). SHRM on the other hand is managing the people proactively. It needs the company to think ahead and to plan ways by which the company can meet the demand and needs of the employees. SHRM can be broadly divided into two types. The first one consists of the works that is concerned with the seeking and identification, so that the features of the organization can be understood. Th e second category of SHRM is less developed than the first. It is focused on ideas underpinning prevalent practices rather than the process involving staff management (Rothwell, Graber McCormick, 2012). The SHRM of the two companies that is Unilever and Pepsico is vividly summarized in this paper. Shrm Strategies Of Unilever Overview Unilever is a multinational FMCG company that was incorporated in September 1929 by a soap maker of Britain named Lever Brothers and margarine producer of Dutch origin called Margarine Unie. The company now operates in many countries of the world. The international competitors of the company are Procter Gamble and Nestle. The company has a employee strength of 174,38K people (Macroaxis, 2015) and earns a revenue of about 49.8 billion euro yearly (Marketwatch.com, 2015). Hr Objectives Of Organization The growth of the organization is their main ambition. The company has a culture and a structure that allows them to win in an environment which is fast changing. For this the company requires the HR team to locate and find the best talents and develop them to become the leaders in the world. It is believed that an organization in which the people are engaged turns out to be very effective. The employees of Unilever are considered to have the potential to be ardent advocates for their products and brands. The HR professionals have the key responsibility to attract fresh talent, create a culture for performance keeping in minds the values and diversity of Unilever (Unilever.com, 2015). Strength And Weakness Of Hr Department Strength: The Unilever Human resource department initiates the environment to change, renew, redefine, restructure and revisit the architecture of the company (Truss, Mankin Kelliher, 2012). The Unilever helps the new recruited members to prepare for managerial posts within two years of joining as conducted in UFLP (unilevers future leaders programme). Unilever at some countries provides the agile approach, which is about the work flexibility which states that an employee can work at anytime, anywhere (depending on the job profile) Weakness: Unilever considers the importance of constantly improving employees safety precautions, as work place accident rates are comparatively high. Employee Empowerment Unilever considers the employee empowerment to make the employees act as the sustainability head because the living plans sustainability. Unilever challenges the choice that corporate world has to make to choose between business growth and sustainability. They want to make sustainability as a vital part of their employees job. Unilever has far reaching objectives to improve the health of not only the employees but also for the consumers. (Ehnert, 2009). Unilever faces fresh competition with changing environment, and various developments in management policy. Thus the company goes by the holistic approach. Recruitment And Selection The recruitment and selection policy is sometimes outsourced by the Unilever recruitment administration. Their rationale is to hire employees who are focused on those aspects where they can add value. The recruitment process is done in Campus, in certain target cities for focused markets. They also prefer internal references (Unilevergraduates.com, 2015). The selection process starts with motivational screening and CV, followed by aptitude test online. Sometimes the telephonic interviews are also done but that is for managerial job profile. Training Development The objective of training and development for Unilever aims to enhance 1) General Skill: the general skills training in Unilever offers catalogue where a trainee can learn from classroom learning, virtual classroom learning and e learning.2) Professional skills: each department has their respective learning, like the Unilever Marketing Academy develops academy for marketers at every level.3) Leadership skills: Unilever provides their trainees leadership programmes of high potential. Unilever mainly has three types of training- they are- local on-boarding, development program and mentoring. In order to evaluate Unilever has their own way of estimating the training results (Unilever.com, 2015). Compensation Benefits Unilever has their personalized on line total reward system. The remuneration system is specifically designed to support the implementation of their strategy and their business vision. The fixed elements are the basic salary, fixed allowance and other benefits. Along with these the variable compensation also gets included. They are long term MCIP, long term GSIP and Annual bonus. The variable pay is made in order to improve the performance of the employees. Unilever also considers acknowledging success by considering the performance quality. Performance Appraisal Unilever believes that potential, performance and professionalism are significant considering have inference on their performance appraisal system. Thus for this reason the company introduced a system that explicitly involves considerable scope for salary increments for employees who shows sustainable quality performance. Earlier Unilever use to follow the last years report of appraisal system but soon they discovered the emergency of introducing some new concepts of performance evaluation and appraisal. There are some organizations that strictly follow development by training and performance setting targets. But in Unilever model of performance appraisal sets a leveled status (Kandula, 2006). Shrm Strategies Of PepsiCo Overview In 1890s Pepsi-Cola was created by Caleb Bradham an N.C pharmacist. PepsiCo Inc was established through the amalgamation of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay (2009 Trade Ideas, 2015). Pepsi is a fizzy soft drink like Coca Cola that was initially introduced in the name Brands Drink. Today PepsiCo is served around the world and its present net income is US$ 6.74 billion. The strategic human resource management at PepsiCo implements strategies that contribute in innovation and expansion. The executives believe that employees dedication to the strategic principle leads to companys success (Gitman McDaniel, 2008). There are many factors that help in planning Strategic Human Resource management, they are discussed below. Hr Objectives Of Organization Pepsi considers the power of steady improvement, and the goals change from added day to day operations, pursuing and adopting latest technologies and other advances and compromise with the changes in the external environment where the company governs. The HR professionals are responsible to create a mutual and encouraging work environment that encourages their employee for their increase in productivity. They motivate the employees by making them participate in business decision-making by building a team of expertise of their profession. The Reward systems are operated according to the business strategy of PepsiCo, and that helps employees to develop their performance. HR objectives of PepsiCo: Welfare of the employees. Provide leadership and guidance to employees in every task. Opportunities of career development for employees. To provide through training of employees worldwide. Providing proper orientation to trainees of PepsiCo. The clear and updated data maintaining of PepsiCo in HRIS. To lower the employee turnover ratio and retain those whom the company considers as assets (Cummings Worley, 2015). Strength And Weakness Of Hr Department Strengths: The HR personnels are highly qualified (Alsever, 2014). Janine Waclawski, Vice president Human Resource at PepsiCo is a graduate from Columbia University This means that the decision making are authentic and there are very poor chances of having any flaw in HR operations. PepsiCo provides sufficient amount of acquiring knowledge from sources both inside and outside. They help to improve and enhance the knowledge about the company and others. They also prefer new employees to increase their efficiency by motivation and encouragement. Weakness: Missplanning has been a vital failure for the HR, as the employees dont get ample opportunity to participate equally in decision making. Certain ethical guidelines require to be maintained. Employee Empowerment In PepsiCo by employee empowerment they mean the freedom to think and act the way the employees feel like. PepsiCo also embrace people of diverse culture and backgrounds that encourage cooperative outcomes, innovations and new perspective into the workplace. It also helps in identifying new market opportunities (Fernandez and Moldogaziev, 2013). PepsiCo depends on mutual respect; it requires employees who have the ability of working as a team or informal collaborating. PepsiCo also provides ESOP for their employees for retention. Recruitment And Selection PepsiCo applies both external and internal recruitment methods. The main priority is given generally to the internal only if the employees have the required capabilities of the working post. Any employee can refer any potential and competent person if the referred person satisfies the criteria of reference. The one referred receives a bonus. The recruitment policy starts with the application screening where it requires details of qualification and majorly real evidence of experience where possible. Then it is followed by online test of logical, reasoning and numerical tests in English. The interview is being taken in local and English verbally. The aim of the interview is to understand about the candidate and his or her career goals. And finally the last but not the least is Assessment centre, where the candidate has to go through three core activities will be there games, panel interviews and case studies (Suntory PepsiCo, 2015). Training Development PepsiCo along with its subsidiaries are considered to have a great training is considered to have great training grounds for top people supervisors. Pepsi is popular for training sufficient human resource executives that it has been able to create its own brand identity in its field (Workforce.com, 2015). The PepsiCo training and development policy differs from that of their competitors. It provides on-the-job training that gives the employees a scope of developing according to the job requirement. The employees are trained in two ways. The employees are also trained with the help of external sources. Training in the form of workshops; classroom training and seminars are conducted by hiring foreign facilitators. The facilitator evaluates the effectiveness of training and makes a follow-up. Compensation Benefits PepsiCos compensation program included the basic salary, long term and short term incentive awards for executive officers. There are two types of benefit plans: nonqualified and qualified. The objective is to provide retirement benefits(Pepsicojobs.com, 2015). Awards are made on EIC plan which are majorly target oriented. Payments are not paid if minimum targets are not achieved. Performance Appraisal The jobs under PepsiCo are evaluated yearly and with 360 degree method. The skilled and potential employees are rewarded by promotions, annual holidays, bonus and increments. Surveys and questionnaires are also made through which the behavior of the employees and the personality of the employees are analyzed. After evaluation, the unsatisfied employees are taken care of. If the attitude still continues then they are fired or demoted (Catapano, 2005). Conclusion In this era of competitive nature in Global Business, the main reason of competition is about focusing in innovation and creation of value. SHRM not only helps to achieve the targets but of a company but also helps in increasing the level of productivity of employees. Through this case Study one thing can be stated that no matter how different the SHRM for PepsiCo International and Unilever is the basic objective remains same. The employee retention, setting a proper environment and motivation acts as the key elements to an effective SHRM (Greene, 2015). Hence, it can be concluded that the HR department has a huge responsibility for aligning the strategies of human resource in context with the Organization. Part 2 2. Introduction Developing human resources is all about helping the employees in fulfilling their work. Development is not just about fulfilling the work instead it is all encouraging the employees in various ways to develop their career and also different aspects of their working conditions. Siemens is committed towards its employees. The key success pillar strategy of Siemens is to motivate, develop and manage all its employees through corporate responsibility, excellence operational services and performance. This section provides a brief understanding of SHRM (Strategic Human Resource Management) process of Siemens and analyzes the various practices, procedures and process utilized. The following table explains the organizational structure of Siemens Figure: 1 the segments of SIEMENS Figure 2: the organizational Structure of Siemens 3. Purpose Of Strategic Human Resource Management Presently, Siemens which is 150 years old German based organization employs around 400,000 employees in 190 countries. Initially the organization focused on just producing electrical products but presently it has diversified into various services like engineering, software etc. The main reason behind such diversification is good strategic human resource management. The basic purpose of Siemens Strategic Human Resource Management is as follows: To determine the outflow and inflow of employees by using strategies in workflow. Siemens HR department keeps a check on the work count by evaluation of performance. To check the qualification of the employees. Siemens hires employees with good work experience, high qualification and efficient skills. To check the gap between the specific job and the required skills both in terms of quantity and quality. To look after necessary requirements of the employees: This is one of the compulsive jobs that Siemens follows, in order to keep their employees satisfied and productive. Apart from these Designing better jobs, staffing talented candidates, developing skills of employees, better quality customer service and building teams have helped Siemens to improve their performance. Siemens have further understood the need of human behavior, knowledge of various systems that helped the organization to attain the strategic objectives. This shows that the main purpose of SHRM in Siemens is to develop strategic capability by making sure that the organization has well motivated, engaged and skilled employees for attaining competitive advantage to sustain. This shows that the SHRM mainly integrates the strategic needs of the firm with the human resources and the HR practices are aligned according to the capabilities and demand of the employees and line managers in Siemens. In Unilever the HR strategy works for the same purpose. For every organization the labor productivity is the ultimate say. Unilever also follows the method of evaluation, appraisal system and compensation system as per their MCIP and GSIP system. Contribution Of Strategic Human Resource Management Based on the information provided in the case study, the SHRM have contributed effectively towards Siemens by helping them to make better organizational outcomes and also improving their workforce behavior and competencies. This SHRM has supported Siemens to develop value based products through good quality service and innovation. In the year 2011, Siemens had developed 10 value based products that are easy to use, timely to market, affordable, reliable and maintenance-friendly. These products have been targeted to various sectors like industrial applications, power distribution, aviations, healthcare etc (Siemens.co.in, 2011). The SHRM process has further helped Siemens to maintain high standard employee management through competitive employee recruitment and selection, training them to develop their career, motivating them and also their unfair HR policies. Then, the teamwork management has also supported them to utilize the potentialities of human resource of the firm. This has en couraged them to improve the interaction process within the organization and successfully understand the overall process of the firm. Additional, Siemens have created a strong unifying corporate identity through diversified workforce. Therefore, the SHRM process have contributed towards developing value based products, team work management, diversified workforce, and learning environment through training and development. In organizations like Unilever the strategic human resource management helps is team building to a great extent. Unilever firmly believes in team work and they give credits for the progress of the company to group work. The Strategic Human Resource policies also help in monitoring the progress. As the strategic vision of Unilever to reach its goals, of attaining profit along with social responsibility, Strategic Human Resource Management helps to evaluate on a regular basis to monitor their progress. The Human Resource functions and the executives are repetitively monitoring to identify the problems the employees and the organization is facing. The Strategic Human Resource Management also has to look after the legal matters of Unilever, because it helps in reduce legal and worker issues. The Organizational culture: Siemens is considered to be a amiable and released workplace where the employees can expect a continuous work support from the superiors, colleagues and subordinates. They support new ideas an d open thoughts. The competitive base salaries help the employees for a competitive environment. Siemens also considers life-integration gravely. They encourage flexible plans for timings and they support good quality of work life. Different Business Factors For Human Resource Planning The Human Resources planning in an organization is mainly influenced by various external factors. As an organization functions in an environment that is mainly bounded through various factors, it is mainly bound to comply with those factors. The factors include (Saiyadain, 2009, p- 64-66): Technological Change: The planning process for human resources is not a static plan instead it is necessary to continually update the process and there are different factors that have to be updated constantly, and it is only possible when it is a realistic assessment. Thus, there is a need of automatic controls that can handle the human process effectively and can change the skills needed and also reduce the issues related to skills. Economic Factors: The fluctuations of the environment of the business are also imponderable factors. The factors related to the fluctuation of the demand and supply of a product in the organization can easily be measured. The result of transfer curtailment, import restrictions, taxation policies of the government have a strong impact on the organization. The business cycle transformation for example, setting recession and also change in the manpower demand also drastically changes the HR planning. Further predicted job shortages can sometimes lead to surplus in jobs. Social Factors: Social factors like under-employment and unemployment also determines the HR planning. The planning mainly focuses on increasing the employment opportunities and also determines the pressure from public opinion. Further, referring a near relation also determines the selection form of the organization. This helps to determine the security of the existing employees. This also increases the commitment of the present employees. Governmental Influences: The government plays a vital role in stimulating the organization so as to systematically plan their manpower resources. The government makes projections according to the demand and supply of different skill categories like managers and supervisors within the given time. Using the data the organization need to develop their plan for personnel and also skills categories. Human Resource Requirements Based on the above four factors; government, technological, economic and social, Siemens need to focus on their human resource requirements. This human resource planning would help to fully utilize the potential and existing workforce of the organization. Therefore, Siemens need to (Martin, 2009): Recognize the requirements of the personnel: The organization need to determine the experience, knowledge and skill of the personnel. Defining the number of staff and their requirement would help to satisfy their needs effective and also make sure the reservoir of the human resources exits whenever needed. Counterbalancing the change and insecurity: Siemens need to properly utilize both the non-human and human resources. Sometimes, it might find adequate or sometimes inadequate resources; therefore, it needs to plan effectively for the changes or the uncertainties (Khurana, Khurana and Sharma, 2009). Checking the imbalance in labor supply: Siemens need to anticipate the surpluses and shortages of manpower. Surplus may lead to under-utilization of the resources and shortages may lead to improper utilization. Thus counter balancing before it gets expensive and unmanageable. Right sizing the future requirements: Siemens need to constantly need to emphasize on rightly sizing the organization. In some cases the organization can find that the post is vacant due to promotion, death, accidents, retirement or resignation. Thus, in that case there is a constant need for replacing the people. This would make sure that the resources are rightly placed at the right time, right number and in a right kind. Meeting the diversification or expansion needs: Siemens need to execute future plans related to modernization, diversification, expansion and make sure that the employees meet the needs of the organization. 4. Human Resource Plan The HR planning of Siemens starts with the Job specification and description at Siemens. Taking an example of Field Telecoms Engineer Technical Support Engineer at Siemens, the job description and job specification is as shown below: Job Description: Give technical and telephone support Provide better professional and quality installation of cabling Working in maintenance and installation projects in fields to meet the expectation of the customers Ensuring the needs of the customers are met Job Specification: Minimum 5 years experience in cable installation Strong knowledge of PABX telecom, along with Business phone systems and VOIP, IVM, OAK Supply and demand forecasting Siemens need to use the workforce planning methodology to find out the outflow or influx rate of employees in the organization. This process would help to check the existing skills of the present employees and also decide on the need of training to develop the employees. This process would help to identify the skill gap among employee skills and job. Recruitment and Selection The recruitment and selection process of Siemens can follow the following activities: Online Application: The candidate can apply through https://www.siemens.co.uk/careers/en as per the vacancy provided based on their experience, qualification and skills. Then the recruitment team needs to review the application. Telephonic Interview: If the candidate meets the required criteria then she/he can be contacted for telephonic discussion to know about their previous experience, responsibilities and roles. Aptitude Test: Siemens then can arrange an aptitude test for the selected candidates from the first round to determine the suitability and ability of the candidate. The aptitude mainly includes the verbal reasoning, numeric reasoning, questionnaires related to occupational personality. Personal Interview: The employee needs to face one-on-one interview at Siemens after qualifying the aptitude test. The main aim of this process is to understand the competencies, skills and experience of the candidate in the required field and also understand its suitability in Siemens. Background and Reference Check: Siemens need to properly check the references after getting approval from the candidate. Training and Development On the Job Training: It is all about training the employees inside the organization throughfollowing process: Job Rotation- To broaden the employees skills, Siemens need to permit the employees to work in various other departments for short time. This would help them to get new skills. Coaching- Siemens need to create a framework in which the senior staffs can help the new employees to work effectively Mentoring- Here the senior personnel need to understand the issues that the trainees are facing and can help them to overcome those issues. Shadowing- The HR team of Siemens need to help the new employees by providing a colleague to watch their work and train them during any kind of mistakes. Off the Job Training: Induction Training: This helps the new employees to get basic information about the organization and is generally trained on the responsibilities they have to carry in their role and also make the new employees feel welcomed by introducing them with the existing employee. Apprenticeships: This program is mainly aimed for school leavers, but wants to earn money for sustaining in life. This process mainly trains the people under IT and engineering skills for improving their communication skills and also ability to work. Siemens Graduate Program (SGP): This is a two years course that mainly requires the participants to develop their skills in human resources, manufacturing and marketing. Performance Appraisal In Siemens the line managers and their subordinates agree to various objectives before starting their job and then the subordinates performance is monitored formally and informally from the beginning itself. This makes the managers of Siemens to focus on the different requirements of the employees and address their issues. Then, the performance results are discussed with the employees annually and the feedback provided helps them to develop objectives. People with versatile experience are more acquainted to the appraisal system. There are specific systems for appraising and these processes are sometimes done poorly that they concludes in failing in design, for a negative experience faced by both the employees and the managers. Some organization does this to makes sure that their employees are working properly whereas, some organizations does that on an obligatory basis. Compensation and benefits The remuneration at Siemens is tailored based on the business strategy. The continuous remuneration makes sure that the strategic targets of the organization are achieved. Thus, Siemens focuses on both fixed and variable pay package. Then Siemens mainly maintains the pension plans and also provides fringe benefits like promotion. Contribuition Of Hr Plan The above HR plan makes the organization to succeed in this competitive world. The HR practitioners who would plan the program would help the Organization to oversee its staff deliberately. The plan supports to direct the activities of HR division. The plan not only aid the organization just, however it will likewise encourage the profession arranging of the representatives and help them to attain to the destinations also. This expands inspiration and Siemens would turn into a decent work environment. HR Planning structures an essential part of information system of management. It changes to the workforce compositions that compel chiefs to pay consideration on HR arranging. The progressions in creation of workforce impact the arrangement of staff, as well as likewise the procedures for choice, preparing, pay and inspiration. 5. Purpose Of Hrm Policies The standard protocol of HR is to construct different procedures and policies for an organization, as it is solely responsible for keeping the employment matters according to the philosophy of the organization. Therefore, the main purpose of HR policies in Siemens is to define the rules, roles and also different consequences and behavior and also give the employees various tools to do their work effectively. HR procedures and policies give work environment structure. Absence of certain policies, for example, disciplinary activity, working hours, performance rules and reviews concerning safety of the workers, the workplace could be turbulent. HR divisions give a feeling of structure also. For instance, policies of HR department concerning plan regularly are matters tended to by HR initiative, for example, supports for extra allocations and estimation for rate of profitability in HR activities (Gill and Meyer, 2011). HR procedures and policies help with equal job opportunity in giving fair treatment to candidates and workers all through the employing methodology and the work experience. For instance, for an association that doesn't distribute its EEO policies, for example, worker rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the rules for its enlistment and choice procedure would be dim, best case scenario. HR policies and procedures can help in the examination of HR practices and general business practices.HR procedures and policies are the useful components of an association's key arrangement, significance the strategies are the steps important to accomplish vital objectives. However, HR procedures and policies serve the essential role of reclassifying HR strategic advancement and the heading of the association. Through a survey of the organization's HR procedures and policies, administration groups that create key maps for the organization realize what lives up to expectations and what doesn't work concerning HR procedures and the workplace (Guest, P aauwe and Wright, 2012). 6. Impact Of Regulatory Requirements The HR requirement policies like employment responsibilities and rights, data protection, contractual terms, discrimination, equality are mainly regulated by strategic human resource management. The regulatory work of SHRM in various sections of business strategy of Siemens is shown below (Walsh, 2007): Legal framework for pay: The right payroll system of human resources mainly falls under the Wages Act of the payment of 1936, Bonus Act of the payment of 1965, Equal Remuneration Act of 1976. Legal framework for discrimination: The HR department of Siemens is responsible to maintain fair rights for all genders. The rules of cultural and sex discrimination falls under Employment rights Act 1996, Sex discrimination Act 1995/ 1997. Legal framework for responsibilities and rights of employment: For maintain the rights and responsibilities of the employees in Siemens, it is necessary for the HR department to understand the Workmens Compensation Act 1923, Factories Act 1948, Employees State Insurance Act 1948, Employees Provident Fund Act 1952, Maternity Benefit Act 1961 and Payment of Gratuity Act 1972. This regulatory framework makes sure that equal payment is paid to women and man equally and also proper promotion, recruitment is followed with no gender or cultural discrimination. 7. Impact Of An Organizational Structure A companys growth makes an impact on an organizational structure. The structure sets the climate, the system of an organization. This helps the people to work in a habitual basis. Various literatures show that the organization structure is based on the objectives and goals of the organization. The chosen structure of organization actually sometimes facilitates or hampers the pursuit of an organization. According to Clemmer (2003), organization structure shapes organizations performance. However, Johari and Yahya (2009) additionally adds that the organization structure not only shapes the performance but also shapes the processes and competency of the organization. Siemens mainly follows the matrix organization structure (oecd.org, 2013). This matrix structure thus helps the Siemens to be more efficient and flexible compared to other structures. Due to this matrix structure, the organization quickly determines about its necessary capital (Kuprenas, 2003). This organization structure is helping Siemens to work like an information web that is data is channeled both horizontally and vertically as people can exchange financial information, marketing information and technical knowledge. The matrix organization structure develops adept management in Siemens which makes the top management to make effective decision and more involved towards everyday activities of the organization (Galbraith, 2009). 8. Impact Of An Organizational Culture Organizational culture is the schemes and shared knowledge developed by particular people for responding, expressing, perceiving, interpreting to the social realities (Silverthorne, 2004). Siemenss organizational culture is to offer favorable condition to all the employees in the organization, encouraging collaboration for effective team work, following diverse culture in the organization, learning based environment and satisfying the clients with better service and products. The key success of the organization is to follow a strategic direction that helps to achieve the identified plans and goals properly and communicate properly with all the members to build a bridge among the managers and the subordinates (Siemens.com, 2015). This organizational culture is creating a living phenomenon that helps employees to collaboratively develop the organization in a better way. The working environment of Siemens is surrounded with beautiful culture that shapes the processes and job relationship in the organization. Therefore, it is helping the organization to solve the issues due to external factors and also internal integration by developing a shared pattern (Aydin and Ceylan, 2009). 9. Monitoring Hrm Process In order to monitor the effectiveness of HRM process, Siemens need to focus on two different levels. At micro level Siemens need to carry out career planning for all the employees and also succession planning for organizations positions and at macro level the organization should focus on workforce planning. Further, to assess the HR functions, Siemens can use the various metrics throughout the control process (ocl.ac, 2010). This would help to exercise control over the costs and quality. Siemens can also use the quantitative tools like benefit-to-cost ratio to measure the training activities and monitor the job-impact. Further, the levels of attrition rate can be assessed by measuring the retention rate and turnover rate of the employees periodically by comparing the past data with the industry average. In this way Siemens can reflect on the effective designs, long-term planning, weakness and strengths and also empowerment of human capital (Noe and Noe, 2012). 10. Recommendation For Improvement The following recommendations would help Siemens to do better in future: Use the opportunities: Siemens cal provide security, communication technology, healthcare provisions and media at the time of emergency. Training the employees in advance would help to use the opportunities. Increasing incentives and pay scale: Siemens should increase the incentive and pay scale compared to other competitors in the market. This would create value for the employees and they would be committed towards the organization. This would help to reduce the recruitment cost and also save the cost of the organization. Balancing dissatisfies against the motivators: Siemens need to understand the issues that the employees are facing and addressing their needs would help to decrease the dissatisfaction level. Understanding the changing need can help to stimulate the engineers to work effectively. Conclusion: As the study suggests Siemens is a learning company. The advanced technological nature of Siemenss business refers that human resources must be able to be trained on an ongoing basis. Siemens applies its system of collective classroom and stress on apprenticeship training worldwide, to assist in facilitating this .It also presents employees wide enduring management and educational development. The Global teamwork is the input to mounting and with the help of all the latent of the firms human resources. Because it is very significant for employees of Siemens to feel liberate to work together and act together, employees have to comprehend the entire process, not just parts and pieces. To support this .Siemens provides extensive training and development. It also ensures that all employees feel that theyre a division of a strong amalgamating corporate uniqueness .For example, HR uses cross cultural, cross border knowledge as requirements for career progress. A climate of shared respect i s the foundation of all relationships-within the Siemens and with society .Siemens argues that the nationalities wealth, outlooks, languages and culture symbolized by its people is among its most precious assets .Therefore Siemens engages their employees in numerous ways .thus HR policies are aimed at structuring openness towards the company. Hence Strategic Human Resource Management is important for an organization for its smooth running. The progress of a business depends on the strategies that an effective Human Resource Department implements. Human beings are the driving force behind the operations of an organization. Due to this fact, strategic human resource management cannot over emphasize in an organization. A well-planned and well-thought strategic human resource must implement ideas that will benefit not only the organization but also the society. A good strategic Human resource management delivers a good relationship between the workers and its organizations. It is responsible to see whether the employees are performing their necessary duties efficiently. The department is also responsible to carry out required steps for recruiting ideal people for respective vacancy. Strategic Human Resource Management also participates in the decision of setting the short-term and the long-term goals. References 2009 Trade Ideas, I. (2015).Pepsi Store - History of the Birthplace of Pepsi.Pepsistore.com. Retrieved 13 February 2015, from https://www.pepsistore.com/history.asp Alsever, J. (2014).Objective: Hire toptalent.Fortune. Retrieved 13 February 2015, from https://fortune.com/2014/01/16/objective-hire-top-talent/ Armstrong, M. (2008).Strategic human resource management. London: Kogan Page. Aydin, B. and Ceylan, A. (2009). The role of organizational culture on effectiveness. [online] faculty.mu.edu.sa. Available at: https://faculty.mu.edu.sa/public/uploads/1360859667.4238organizational%20cult200.pdf [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Catapano, S. (2005). Performance Appraisal: From Isolation to Interaction. PsycCRITIQUES, 50(28). Clemmer, J. (2003). Organization Structure limits or liberates high performance. [online] clemmer.net. Available at: https://www.clemmer.net/excerpts/pf_orglimits.html [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Cummings, T., Worley, C. (2015).Organization development change. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Ehnert, I. (2009).Sustainable human resource management. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag. Fernandez, S. and Moldogaziev, T. (2013). Employee Empowerment, Employee Attitudes, and Performance: Testing a Causal Model. Public Administration Review, 73(3), pp.490-506. Galbraith, J. (2009). Designing matrix organizations that actually work. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Gill, C. and Meyer, D. (2011). The role and impact of HRM policy. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 19(1), pp.5-28. Gitman, L., McDaniel, C. (2008).The future of business. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western. Greene, R. (2015). Effective Human Resource Management Strategies.Http://Www.Pontifex-Hr.Com/Pdfs. Retrieved from https://www.pontifex-hr.com/pdfs/Effective_HR_Mgt_Strategies.pdf Guest, D., Paauwe, J. and Wright, P. (2012). HRM and Performance. Chicester: Wiley. Johari, J. and Yahya, K. (2009). Linking Organizational Structure, Job Characteristics, and Job Performance Constructs: a Proposed Framework. IJBM, 4(3). Kandula, S. (2006).Performance management. New Delhi: PHI Learning. Khurana, A., Khurana, P. and Sharma, H. (2009). Human Resource Management. New Delhi: VK Enterprise. Kuprenas, J. (2003). Implementation and performance of a matrix organization structure. International Journal of Project Management, 21(1), pp.51-62. Macroaxis, (2015).Unilever Number of Employees UL NYSE. 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Architecture Made Famous by Americas Presidents

Architecture Made Famous by Americas Presidents Remember the phrase George Washington slept here? Ever since the founding of the country, Presidents of the United States made otherwise ordinary places famous.   1. Presidents Homes All US Presidents are associated with the White House in Washington, DC. Even George Washington, who never lived there, oversaw its construction. In addition to this common residence, all US Presidents are associated with personal residences. George Washingtons Mount Vernon, Thomas Jeffersons Monticello, and Abraham Lincolns home in Springfield are all good examples. Then there are all the childhood homes and birthplaces of our presidents. Of course, nobody knows who will become president, so many of these early homes were torn down before they became part of history. Surprisingly, the first president to be born in a hospital, instead of a home, was President Jimmy Carter, our 39th president. 2. Presidential Retreats Have you ever noticed how the presidency ages the person in office? Its a stressful job, and the president must make time for rest and relaxation. Since 1942, the country has provided Camp David as a get-away for the presidents exclusive use. Located in the Maryland mountains, the compound was a 1930s project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a Depression-era New Deal program. But Camp David is not enough. Every president has had a retreat- some have had both summer and winter White Houses. Lincoln used the Cottage at the Soldiers Home, now known as Lincolns Cottage. President Kennedy always had the family compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. George Herbert Walker Bush went to Walkers Point in Kennebunkport, Maine. Nixon had a little concrete block ranch house in  Key Biscayne, Florida, and Truman set up shop at the Little White House in Key West, Florida. All presidents are welcome to use Sunnylands, once a private residence, in  Rancho Mirage, California. All too often, presidential retreats like Sunnylands and Camp David have also been used to meet with foreign leaders in a less formal setting. Remember the Camp David Accords of 1978? 3. Sites of Presidential Events All presidential events dont happen in Washington, DC.   Bretton Woods, a gorgeous hotel in the mountains of New Hampshire, was the site of an international agreement after World War II. Similarly, President Woodrow Wilson traveled to the Palace of Versailles outside of Paris, France, to sign the treaty that ended World War I. These two places are historic landmarks for what happened there. Todays presidents campaign, debate, and rally constituents all across the United States- in town halls and convention halls.   Presidential events are not DC-centric- even the site where George Washington took the oath of office in 1789 was in Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City. 4. Monuments to Presidents Any community can memorialize a favorite son, but Washington, DC is the main setting for the nations monuments. The Lincoln Memorial, the Washington Monument, and the Jefferson Memorial may be the most famous in DC, but Mount Rushmore in South Dakota may be the most iconic presidential tribute carved in stone. 5. Presidential Libraries and Museums Who owns a public servants papers? has been a question hotly debated- and legislated. Presidential Libraries did not come into existence until the 20th century, and today raw, archival information, along with the massaging of the presidential message, are combined in buildings like the Bush Library in College Station, Texas and the other Bush Library in Dallas. We take special note of these historic buildings, monuments, and research centers, and await the conflicts that will, no doubt, surround the next presidential library building. It seems to happen every time. A Sense of Place Most of us will never become president, but we all have a sense of place in our lives.  To find your special places, answering these five questions: HOME: Where were you born? Not only the city and state, but have you gone back to see the building? What does it look like? Describe your childhood home.RETREAT: Where do you go to relax and find peace? What is your favorite vacation place?EVENT: Where was your graduation ceremony? Where was your first kiss? Did you ever have to speak to a large group of people? Where were you when you won an important prize?MONUMENT: Do you have a trophy case? Will you have a gravestone? Have you ever built a monument to memorialize someone else? Should monuments even exist?ARCHIVES: Chances are that all of the papers in your life will not be kept forever, because there is no legal requirement to do so. But what about your digital trail? What have you left behind, and where is it?   Fun With Presidents Places George Washington Slept Here starring Jack Benny and Ann Sheridan, DVD, 1942 movie directed by William Keighley, based on a play by Moss Hart and George S. KaufmanLEGO Architecture Series: The White House

True History of the Kelly Gang essays

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Marketing Analysis and Planning at HSBC

Marketing Analysis and Planning at HSBC This report highlights the market segmentation of the HSBC credit card in India. The organisation segments the market on the basis of geographic locations and in view of income, lifestyle and behavioural traits. The product has been majorly targeted to the existing customers of the bank and the shopaholics at the Westside store. The bank also emphasises on increasing credit card-spends and customer satisfaction by offering distinct product types and elite additional benefits unlike its industry rivals. The brand image and service excellence of the organisation has positioned its credit card at an elevation. The marketing mix strategy executed by the bank coils strength to the market position of its credit card. HSBC has designed its credit card to satisfy the needs of every individual in the respective market segment by offering six different card types. The demand for credit card is increasing in the country as more people prefer plastic money over hard cash. Hence, they are willing to pay the optimum price for the card usage. The massive presence of the entity gives an advantage over the competitors and provides convenience to the customers. The report also emphasises on the success of cobrand association with the Westside store and the effective marketing strategies implemented by HSBC. The consumer engages in complex buying behaviour due to numerous similar product options. The effective and efficient marketing mix implemented by the bank echoes positivity on the buyers behaviour towards the credit card. The product satisfies the consumer needs and wants, cost, convenience and communication aspect enhancing the buyers inclination towards the product. Finally, the report critiques the marketing strategy executed by the organisation. It also sketches the key marketing facts and suggests future marketing plans which might help in accelerating growth. 1.1 Description of the Organisation The HSBC group in India was founded in October 1853 when the Mercantile Bank of India, China and London was established in Mumbai. With the authorised capital of INR 5 million, the mercantile bank opened branches in Chennai, London, Colombo and Kandy. By 1855, the bank expanded operations in Kolkata, Canton, Singapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai. The HSBC Group serves around 100 million customers worldwide through around 8,000 offices in 87 countries and territories in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. With assets of some USD 2,418 billion at 30 June 2010, HSBC is one of the worlds largest banking and financial services organisation. HSBC is marketed worldwide as the worlds local bank. (About us, www.hsbc.co.in) The HSBC Group is committed to the five core business principles of outstanding customer service: effective and efficient operations, strong capital and liquidity, prudent lending policy and strict expense discipline. 2. The market segment of HSBC credit card HSBC isolates the various broad segments within the market and follows segmented marketing. The company divides the market on the basis of creditability. It offers several card types to different market segment adopting clustered preferences. The chart below illustrates HSBCs bases for segmenting: C:UsersPrashantDesktopUntitledaa.jpg The consumer market has been classified on the grounds of different geographical units i.e. states, cities and regions. The main focus is to target urban and sub-urban markets needs and preferences. With the economic growth in the country, double income has become a common scenario in most families resulting in high spending power. HSBC divides the market on the basis of their income and the purchasing power, occupation and social class. Buyer under the common segment group may have different psychographic profiles bases personality and lifestyle. HSBC and Westside offer the cobranded card that is designed to supplement the lifestyle and is regarded as mark of prestige and recognition. The consumer market has further been segmented on the basis of the buyers attitude, knowledge, usage and response to the product. 2.1 Product Targeting HSBC targets the existing customers of the bank from Personal Banking, Assets and Investments and Personal Finance Services (PLB, AIQ PFS) through open market acquisition bases their creditability. HSBC amalgamates its customer base, while amplifying revenue from within the existing customers by majorly increasing their spending on the card instead of hunting for new prospects. The bank can afford new cards, but not at the expense of non-performing assets (NPA). The bank majorly engages in cleaning-up on credit card portfolio and emphasis on retained growth. The bank also considers the credit cards for upgradation to superior card types bases the income criteria. The chart below shows the income eligibility criteria (GBP) for its card types: Source- www.hsbc.co.in There is no income eligibility criterion for HSBC Premier credit card as the existing cards are upgraded to Premier bases card performance and creditability. Furthermore, HSBC targets the Westside store shoppers covering the entire age group in the market. With the acceleration in urbanisation, the rise in customer density area is evident thus enabling efficient utilisation of resources by reaching same number of consumers with minimum number of store outlets. The consumers are in the middle to high range income groups as the products in the store are moderately priced. HSBC Credit card operations, which keep a hawks eye on demographics, are swooping down on shopaholic consumers through the cobrand association with the Westside store. 2.2 Market Positioning and Major Competitors HSBC has a competitive advantage over its counterparts as it engages in offering better, cheaper and newer products and services. It incorporates the customer-benefit approach and product-class approach in order to position its product overcoming the industry rivals. Major Competitors: Citibank Credit Card Standard Chartered Credit Card SBI Credit Card ICICI Credit Card Axis Bank Credit Card HSBC differentiates its credit card from its competitors bases four dimensions: Product Differentiation The HSBC credit card provides special features like fuel surcharge waiver and exclusive rewards programme. The petrol fuel surcharge waiver is an elite feature on HSBC credit card which undermines the similar product offered by the market competitors. The rewards programme on HSBC credit card gives bonus points to the cardholder on every purchase that can be redeemed for annual fees, gifts, gift vouchers, charities and JPmiles (Jet Airways Jet privilege account). Along with these features, HSBC Westside Co-branded card is packed with benefits from both the HSBC and Westside. The card offers privileges and superior savings for a memorable shopping experience unlike its competitors. The HSBC credit card is globally accepted at over 18 million establishments worldwide and over 1 lakh establishments in India. The card has access to cash, round the clock, at over 700000 ATMs worldwide. HSBC endeavours password protected payment facility on the Internet at no additional cost. Moreover, the card comes with the zero lost card liability after the loss of card has been reported to the HSBC. Service Differentiation The cardholder is provided with the usage and service guide along with the credit card to safeguard consumer from any misuse of the product. Moreover, HSBCs international connectivity gives it competitive advantage over a similar product available in the market. The post-sale service is also an integral aspect that a consumer looks for before buying a product. HSBCs preamble is to ensure that the customer get the best of service. The cardholder may contact the customer service channels i.e. phone banking service, email or visit the nearest HSBC branch for any probes. The quality of service offered by HSBC provides a brink to its credit cards market position over the industry rivals in the market. Image Differentiation An established brand name is the result of HSBCs continuous identity building programs and service excellence. The logo of the bank signifies that the doors of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation are open for business. The symbol of hexagon representing the six quadrants has an instant recognition and bagged a distinct place in the target customers mind. The same has also worked into brand advertisements in conveying the company personality. At the same time, the banks focus is to create a professional and elegant unified ambience across establishments. There is an exclusive Premier Service desk in selected branches to ensure extra comfort and convenience for its valued customer. The organisation has always believed in playing an active role in the community it serves. At HSBC, corporate sustainability is not mere generosity. It takes its Corporate Sustainability (CS) role seriously and helps create an environment where business and nature can flourish hand in hand. Its MicroFinance lending initiative launched in April 2005 has already benefited almost 9000 poor households in Andhra Pradesh giving them the hope of a sustainable livelihood. (HSBC, www.superbrandsindia.com) Majorly, all the banks offer similar offers and features in the product though; it is HSBCs brand name that creates a difference. Personnel Differentiation HSBC has a strong competitive advantage through hiring and training the better individual that its competitors do. The market segment by HSBC is commendable and targeting market bases financial stability is opt for the industry type as there is huge risk involved. Since, the Indian economy to an extent has recovered from the recession; the bank can initiate offering credit cards to new customer bases. The New to Business (NTB) consumer group can be arbitrated bases their credit history and financial stability within formulated limitations using forecast based risk management. Otherwise, the bank ensures service excellence, local presence and strong market position that undermines its rivals. 3. Marketing Mix Developed by HSBC Supports Its Market Position for Credit Card HSBC devises marketing activities and instils the marketing-mix strategies to influence its business partners along with the prospect consumer. Marketing activities are aimed to create awareness, communication and deliver value to the consumer. 3.1 Product The bank offers different product types for every consumer with different needs and wants. The core product benefit of the credit card is the 52 days free credit period for repayment of purchases. The credit card also comes with the cash advance facility wherein the customer can withdraw cash within the specified cash credit limit. The HSBC credit card types currently in the market are as follows: HSBC Classic credit card HSBC Gold credit card HSBC Platinum credit card HSBC Premier credit card HSBC Westside Cobrand Classic credit card HSBC Westside Cobrand Gold credit card With the HSBC Credit Card the consumers can avail the Balance Transfer which allows them to transfer other credit card outstanding dues for repayment at lower interest rates. Furthermore, the HSBC credit card comes with the Loan on Phone facility to convert the purchase into easy instalments. The bank also has cobrand association with CPP Assistance Services Private Limited to safeguard the cardholders interest in event of card loss, theft and related fraud. The CPP (Card Protection Plan) shields the loss of important cards valuable documents including the other credit, debit, ATM, membership or loyalty cards. Furthermore, the role shoppers can also apply upto three additional credit cards for their spouse, parents, siblings and children. 3.2 Price The HSBC credit card has been priced high compared to the most of the competitors in the market. The consumer does not hesitate to opt for the card at offered price considering the brand name and the additional features of the product. The bank charges annual fee towards the card usage which is levied to the cardholders account in the anniversary month and a joining fee on some card types that is levied at point of sale. From time to time, the bank offer cards with no joining fee and cards free from annual fee for life to select customers. The bank may offer 50% discount on the fee bases the creditability of the prospect and the existing customer. 3.3 Place The enormous International presence of the bank ascertains to be a marketing advantage. It endeavours ease of access to bank services to the cardholder even on an international travel. The existing customers of the bank (PLB, AIQ, and PFS) can directly approach any of the branches for credit card application. However, the bank has also established various distribution channels across country i.e. Direct Selling Agents (DSAs) who generates business for the bank under a mutual agreement. Moreover, the banks cobrand association with Westside store has concentrated the target prospect of the bank and enriched its local presence. The consumer can apply for HSBC Westside credit card by visiting any of the Westside store in the region. The Westside store has an enormous presence in the country that ensures that prospect consumers are at ease to reach the product. 3.4 Promotion HSBC focuses on establishing sound communication with the consumer and implement Direct Marketing strategies. The bank advertises the credit card through various marketing means like Email Telemarketing, trade magazine advertising, hoardings, brochures and cobranding. The bank also attempts to create a positive image of the product to ensure word of mouth strategy works for the product. The Westside association has proved propitious for the bank in conquering the target market base. The card is being majorly marketed by cobranding with other business partners (e.g. pizza hut, movie theatres) in form of discounts and coupons to existing cardholders. From time to time, the bank launches the cash back scheme on card usage or on purchases with associated business partners to retain the existing cardholders and lure the prospect. E.g. the bank is offering 5% -10% cash back on purchase using HSBC credit card with the merchant MakeMyTrip (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Travel Agency). The strategy of offering different product types expands HSBCs market horizons and also ensures convenience and sound communication. HSBC views email marketing as a vital component of their overall marketing mix, enabling them to communicate with their customers in a highly targeted way.CPP insurance offered by the bank safeguards the consumer liability for misuse before reporting the card as lost. However, the bank can also offer a card type that requires a passcode on manual swipes like it offers secure pay for online purchases. This will enhance security and the bank would expand its customer base by attracting the consumer group who do not opt for credit card due to the risks involved. 4. Marketing Mix implemented by HSBC influences Buying Behaviour for its Credit Card As the product is one time buy and is long-term association, the consumer engages in complex buying behaviour. The studies show that similar social class exhibit similar buying behaviour. The banks strategy to offer different product types influences the buyers behaviour to opt for the respective product types. The basic core product is identical to the similar product being offered by the industry rivals. However, the distinct product type and additional exclusive features associated with HSBC credit card allures the esteem-seekers who look for class, brand and snootiness. CPP insurance on the credit card safeguards the buyer from the perceived financial risk. Also, the EMI facility towards purchase is more likely to generate magnetizing effect on the buyer. This is also a well-known fact that in spite of increased interest rate and annual fee levied, the demand for credit card is rising. In the last decade in India, the usage of plastic money encouraged the young middle class to defy the Hindi adage Dont stretch your feet beyond your sheet which is another way of saying, Live within your means. (The swipe and spend economy, p.4) Hence, the pricing strategy opted by HSBC has been quite successful to attract the target consumer who associate the product with prestige and reputation. The bank might fail to allure the consumers who look for cost benefit and whose interest is only in the cashless purchase and credit facility. However, the bank should offer a card type without any joining or annual fee with the core product benefit for full market coverage. Many people have a psychology to correlate the price of the product with its quality and brand name the costlier the better. Such consumers are likely to have positive approach while making a purchase decision. C:UsersPrashantDesktopaaa.jpg The 4 Cs associated with the 4 Ps As the HSBCs tagline goes the Worlds Local Bank the bank ensures the same substantiates to be true with its massive presence in the country and worldwide. The Marketing Mix variable Place has been designed by the bank as such it delivers customer benefit effectively. It provides ease of access to the consumers unlike any of the competitors in the Indian market. Hence, the contended comforters who ponder the convenience and service would consider the product over its substitutes. Thereafter, as the credit cardholders need continuous association and post-sale services, the self-actualizers would understand the benefit of massive presence of the entity. HSBC engages in personalized promotion through direct marketing that enhances effective communication with the consumer and develops loyalty and trust towards the brand. The Email and Telemarketing adopted by HSBC has been the wisest strategy to approach the existing customers of the bank. HSBC is a big brand name and a buyer will have a tendency to buy the HSBC credit card if the reference group or the influencer is currently using the same. The word of mouth strategy works well for these buyers. The family members or friends of the existing customers are likely to choose HSBC credit card over its rivals. The bank emphasises on associating with brands that is most popular by all in the target consumer group to expand its market horizon. There will be no market for product that everybody likes a little, only for products that somebody likes a lot. (Kotler.P, Marketing Management p.251) HSBCs association with popular brand develops a positive image for its product and the consumer having preference for the associated brand would develop positive image towards HSBC. 5. Conclusion HSBC credit cards are among the most popular and top-rated credit cards in India. The product has been designed as per the market requirement and caters to the needs and wants of every individual with different product attributes, brand image and additional benefits. Furthermore, the bank focuses on operational excellence, customer intimacy and product leadership to enhance its market position over its industry rivals. The product is moderately priced and ensures convenience to the buyer. HSBCs cobrand association with Westside and collaboration with strong business partners creates positive buyers approach towards the product.