Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Operations Management - Essay Example It is evident from the study that service and manufacturing supply chains share a lot more in common than the way they differ. In the process of delivering service products, manual processes that require human beings is involved. So, the solutions that use standardization and automation in improving operation efficiency in the service industry are less applicable. In addition to this, the labor intensive industries require more advanced scheduling systems so that they can coordinate effectively the prefaces of commonalities. The customers in the service industry play a great role in the delivery of services during the delivery process or even the service initiation process unlike in the manufacturing business. A good example is the electronic repair service. The involvement of customer delivery has an impact in service heterogeneity and impacts the service quality. The distinctive needs by the customers do change the content of each service product offered. As a result, it makes the service quality hard to measure and also monitor. The service which is provided by the service industries is often intangible for instance; education is one of the services. Intangibility leads to three issues: First, it’s difficult to score, secondly, it’s difficult to account for and thirdly, it’s difficult to identify suppliers. An intangible good as many believes can only be stored in books. This characteristic then shifts the focus of management from buffering by inventory to ensuring capacity flexibility and also managing capacity. One of the ways in which service procurement can better be controlled is by implementing a two-way match of the service receiving process. Here, the purchasing documents as well as the invoices are matched upon receiving and this process includes matching of the invoice, purchase order and shipping document in manufacturing. Unfortunately, in the service receiving process, counting of physical goods is a missing link. It becomes difficult in the start of the procurement process to identify the suppliers. The service buyer is not always sure of the specification of the service been procured. In addition to this, due to the intangibility of the service, you find that the service quality is very hard to measure (Andrew & Michael 2005). Simultaneity of production and consumption: Unlike in the case of the manufactured good, the services are created and consumed at the same time. You find that once the service has been created, there is no lead time in the middle to buffer against uncertainties. Combined with difficulties in storing these services, it isn’t surprising seen that a flexible capacity is vital to the success of a service supply chain (Andrew & Michael 2005). Customer supplier duality: A good example to explain duality is the electronic repair service. Here, you find that a customer supplies the malfunctioning electronics and in return,

Textron Case Essay Example for Free

Textron Case Essay 1) How does Textron make money? Textron is able to make money as a result of 4 defining aspects of its business model: a. Textron is a conglomerate: by purchasing a variety of companies, Textron is able to share technology between its business units thus increasing its competitive advantage in these respective units. For instance, lessons learned in aerodynamics at Bell Helicopters can be used in the construction of aircraft at Cessna. Additionally, because of Textrons size, it increases its buyer power and can take advantage of economies of scale when purchasing from the common suppliers across business units. b. Diversification: Textron has purchased a variety of companies that complement one another such as different target markets (regular consumers vs. government consumers) and both high and low priced products (ex: hardware tools vs. private jets). Thus, like a well diversified stock portfolio, Textron is able to hedge its exposure to risk between its various business units (if one industry performs poorly one year, another industry may fair better). c. Vertically integrated: in Textrons history it developed a vertically integrated company that controlled every operational aspect of the business from raw goods to processing to distribution. Thus, it has been able to control the costs of many aspects of its business d. Finance business unit: Additional revenue is generated through the earned interest from customers who purchase credit from Textron in order to purchase Textron products. This revenue stream keeps customers in the Textron environment instead of losing customers to other credit-granting financial institutions. This Textron environment also: * Creates a one-stop-shop that can increases Textrons stickiness to its customers (also increase customer retention), which may lead to longer and stronger customer relationships. * Creates flexibility since Textron can offer more favourable interest rates than other financial institutions to promote more Textron sales 2) Assessment of Textrons: Assessment of Exhibit 1: Textron is investing heavily in assets that are not producing the sales or profits required to sustain its growth. Hence, its only choice is to finance its growth, which increases its debt and risk of bankruptcy. Textron needs to improve its asset management by increasing the output of its assets (such as PPE), changing its assets or improving its days inventory. Textron can increase the outputs of its assets by training staff to use equipment and tools more effectively or upgrade equipment and tools that can increase productivity. Textron can decrease its days inventory by improving its sales forecasting in order to produce only enough units that are demanded by the market. 3) Assessment of Textrons Cash Flow: Analysis of Cash Flow Statements 2004-2006 (in millions): * Under CFO * Net income nearly tripled from 2005 (203) to 2006 (601) * Under CFI * Net cash used in acquisitions increased significantly from 2005 (28) to 2006 (502) * Under CFI the Net Cash Used in Investing Activities of Continuing Operations has more than doubled from 2004 (800) to 2006 (2062) however, under CFO, the Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities of Continuing Operations has not doubled nor has it grown significantly from 2004 (949) to 2006 (1017). * Under CFF * In 2004 the Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities (Net CFO) is 950 and the Net Cash used in Investing Activities (Net CFI) 818. Therefore Textron generated enough cash to finance its investment activity (950-818 = 135). By contrast, in 2005 and 2006, Textron has had to use debt to finance its investments since in 2005 the Net CFO is 1036 million and Net CFI 1195 million (delta = -159) and in 2006 the Net CFO is 969 but the CFI is 1409 (delta = -440). By increasing the amount of debt, Textron increases its risk of going bankrupt in the future should the company not be able to meet its debt obligations. * Final Assessment of Cash Flow Statement: It seems that Textron is making a good amount of cash through its operations but this cash is not enough to feed its investment activities. Even worse, the increased investment has had little impact in increasing cash inflow. * Assessment of Exhibit 2: All of the above ratios are point towards poor cash flow management except Current Ratio. Thus Textrons favourable Current Ratio can be interpreted as Textron has the ability to pay off its liabilities only if it sells its large inventory (indicated by its large Days Inventory value). 4) Textrons use of LIFO and FIFO: e. Textrons income before taxes in 2006 using FIFO * Under current method: * The beginning inventory of 2006+purchase -COGS=the ending inventory of 2006 * 1,712 + purchase 8,528 = 2,069(in millions) let this calculation be called A

Editha :: essays research papers

Editha   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning Editha is war hungry. She wants her country to go to war, and she wants George to go and fight. Even though the author doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t give the age of Editha, I believe she acts very childish, and immature. I understand loving your country and wanting to fight for it, but one must also realize the danger that comes along with it. She is obsessed with her country and fighting for it. She puts an ultimatum on George. He is unsure of the war, and unsure of fighting in it, but she constantly pushes him to go. She even evolves God in it. Saying à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“God meant it to be warà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (273). She is speaking of it, as if it was a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Holy Warà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This is not the case, and George does not buy into it, but she keeps pushing him. The ultimatum comes when he says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll come back to supper, if youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll let me. Perhaps I shall bring you a convertà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (272). She repl ies with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Well, you may come back, on that conditionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (272). She is putting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“if, and only ifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? requirements on his return to her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once he leaves, she gets more demanding, and writes him a letter explaining that if he doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t make the right (or her) decision, then the engagement will be off. Her love of country is more important than the love of her man; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There is no honor above America with me. In this great hour there is no other honorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (273). Editha is very set in this train of thought, she can see no other way, and no other options but to fight. If George does not fight, then she cannot marry him. She is forcing her morals, and ideals down his throat, and he does not have a chance to stand up for his own. Editha claims, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“She could not accept for her country or herself a forced sacrificeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (273). Yet this is exactly what she is doing. These few rational insights lead me to believe that Editha suffers from some sort of mental instability. She claims not to want a forced sacrifice, yet this is what she does, and when a ratio nal insight crosses her mind, she recognizes it, yet she dismisses it as fast as it came to her. I feel that she guiltà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s George into going to war, and is very proud to have done so, when she learns of his decision.

French and European Architecutre in 1600 :: essays papers

French and European Architecutre in 1600 The Baroque style of painting during the 1600 and 1700’s reflects an intense interest in expressing human emotion through art. Biblical scenes and representations of biblical characters are a common link between art works of that time throughout the different areas of Europe. Caravaggio represents the typical Italian Baroque artist at that time but possesses many artistic qualities uniquely his own. Bartolome Eseban Murillo, represents the typical Spanish Baroque painter. Both these painters demonstrate Baroque style, yet they have truly unique styles from each other. Caravaggio’s St. John the Baptist in the Wilderness is typical of Italian Baroque style during the 1600s and 1700s. Characteristics of Italian Baroque style are sharp contrasts of light and dark, violent movement created through the use of diagonals, and intense emotional expressions of theatrical scenes. Caravaggio’s style exhibits many of these same characteristics. The painting was originally intended for an altarpiece in a small oratory in a town west of Genoa. The massive size of the canvas leads to the belief that this painting would have been the focus in the oratory. The size of St. John is extremely large in comparison to the size of the canvas. His presence encompasses most of the canvas making him the focus of the piece. The actual iconography of Caravaggio’s painting is typical of it’s time period, yet the portrayal of John the Baptist is what makes this piece unique. Unlike most portrayals of biblical figures, that St. John appears naturalistic and not idealized. Caravaggio expresses this naturalism in the dirty, grimy feet of St. John. The fact that St. John is p ictured alone is also nontraditional for this time period. He appears to be resting, his head hung slightly down, in the desolate wilderness, appearing defeated and worn out. The atmosphere intensifies his loneliness. The wilderness behind him feels dark, morose, and lonely. Details are absent from the atmosphere except for a small plant which sits on the ground by itself. The plant echoes the loneliness of St. John. The atmospheric presence enhances the feel of the subject but is not the focus. Caravaggio possesses a unique style in which he manipulates lighting to create a vivid visual effect. The lighting starkly focuses on St. John, putting him into the direct line of view. Caravaggio’s creative use of lighting also becomes apparent in the sharp contrasts of light and dark in this painting.

Victimology: Crime and Deviant Place Theory

Victimology: neither a victim nor an offender be. Caution is a parent of safety. Victimology is the scientific study of victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal-justice system, and the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions. Victimology as an academic term contains two elements: one is the Latin word â€Å"Victima† which translates into â€Å"victim† and the other is the Greek word â€Å"logos† which means a system of knowledge, the direction of something abstract, the direction of teaching, science, and a discipline.The concept of victim dates back to ancient cultures and civilizations, such as the ancient Hebrews. Its original meaning was rooted in the idea of sacrifice or scapegoat — the execution or casting out of a person or animal to satisfy a deity or hierarchy. Over the centuries, the word victim came to have additional meanings. The fie ld of victimology emerged in the 1940s when two European criminologists named Von Hentig and Mendelsohn, often called the â€Å"fathers of victimology,† began studying crime victims. They suggested the theory that the victim's behavior and attitude caused the crime to be committed.The field of victimology originally devoted most of its energy to examining the numerous ways victims shared the responsibility of specific crimes with the criminal offenders. For a long time, criminologists focused their attention strictly on the role of the criminal. But over the years, it has been discovered that the role of the victim is actually very important as well, as it can influence fate and shape and motivate a criminal. Today, there are a number of theories attempting to explain victimization and its causes.A few of the most common and important theories are the victim precipitation theory, the lifestyle theory and the deviant place theory. The victim precipitation theory suggests that some people cause or initiate a particular confrontation that may eventually lead to that person becoming victimized by injury or death. Such precipitation on part of the victim can either be active or passive. Active precipitation exists when the victim knowingly acts in a provocative manner, uses fighting words or threats, or simply attacks first.Passive precipitation however, occurs when the victim contains characteristics that unknowingly motivates or threatens the attacker. Such crimes can exist due to personal conflicts such as two individuals competing for a love interest, a promotion, a job, or any other desirable or rare commodity. A woman may receive a promotion and become a victim of violence because of the jealousy of someone she may or may not even know. Such precipitation may also exist when a victim is part of a particular group that offends or threatens someone's economic well-being, status or reputation. Next is the lifestyle theory.Many criminologists believe that those whose lifestyle increases criminal exposure are more likely to become victims of crime. Behaviors such as going out late at night, associating with younger men, and residing in cities increases the chances of falling victim to crime. Those who choose high-risk lifestyles which include taking drugs, drinking, and participating in criminal activities run a much higher risk of becoming victims. Also, the more time someone is exposed to street life, the greater their chance of becoming victims. Young men in particular have a very high risk of victimization.College students who tend to spend several nights partying each week are also more likely to be at risk than those who avoid such unstable lifestyles. Those who commit crimes increase their chances of becoming victim of crimes as well. Another theory is the deviant place theory. This theory holds that victims do not motivate crime but rather are prone to becoming victims simply because they live in social areas that are disorgan ized and contain high-crime rates and therefore have the highest risk of coming into contact with criminals regardless of their lifestyle or behavior.The more someone visits a high-crime area, the more chances they will have at becoming a victim. However, there is a lot we can do to prevent ourselves from being a victim. Some of the ways to prevent yourself from being victimized are: protect your vulnerability, be careful about the company you keep, lock up your valuables, spend some extra money on security. These are just a few of the things an individual can do to protect themselves from becoming victims of crimes. They may seem easy, yet not everyone takes advantage of the precautions.To protect your vulnerability basically means to not let your guard down in front of too many people that you do not know on a personal level. Do not allow yourself to become involved in anything where anyone may have the chance to blackmail you. Live your life in reproach and protect your reputatio n. Protecting your vulnerability ties in with being careful about the company you keep. Keep a small group of friends instead of letting yourself become impersonally involved with large groups of individuals. In addition, do not let strangers enter your home.Sometimes when an individual’s car breaks down they may need to use the phone, well if this ever happens to you, ask them what number they want to dial and you dial it for them. Also, developing a pattern of behavior allows bad guys to plan an attack or ambush, to track someone’s comings and goings. So they can plan when they can safely break into apartment. The time variation of coming and going, routes to work, school, gym or sometimes even coffeehouse seems to be solution to some extent. President Barack Obama goes for a run, or even travels anywhere, he never goes the same route twice.Sometimes we become a victim of situation. For example, you leave work late one night, and get stuck in the elevator, long every one else has gone home; you fall asleep on the subway and wake up lost; you get in a car wreck and skid off the road, down a 200 foot hill into a ravine, hidden from sight of the road. For that reason letting someone know when you are doing something different or going someplace you have not been before is probably would be better. It goes without saying that some of the crimes we attracting when we look like a potential target.Victims of violent crimes like a mugging or robbery call attention to themselves by either being oblivious to their surroundings or by looking helpless. It reminds one joke about attention that tells: â€Å"You probably won’t be robbed by screaming out ‘Rob Me! ’ but you definitely will be by walking and texting at the same time†. It is not a paradox but underworld has more victims than anything else.People who involve themselves in criminal activities for example such as fraud, assault, forgery, manslaughter, terrorism, robbery etc .  considered to be at the high risk to be a victim. Some of them become addicts or have nothing but debts to the old age and others found dead somewhere. Criminal world has his own fictional rules, which creates a vision of order and stability for â€Å"beginners† but in return of unquestioning obedience. Of course living by such â€Å"rules† breaks our real laws approved by society and government. But the thing is law enforcement’s chances to help if you are in criminal world become null and void.So even someday if you will be ready to get rid of a criminal past, criminal past probably will not be ready to let you go. From my point of view, today when we are living in technologically developed era proverb as â€Å"Caution is a parent of safety† should be taken into account more seriously. Consciously involving in criminal activities means big percentage of ending up dead or at least in jail because it is easier to trace illegal actions now, but at the same time naked photo of yours could be seen everywhere once you put it on Facebook.

Drunk Driving and Its Consequences

Drunk Driving and Its Consequences Driving involves the mind of the driver; for safe driving, drivers should make the right decision when on road; they should follow traffic rules as required by the law. When driving under the influence of alcohol, the risk of causing an accident is high. When someone is intoxicated with alcohol to a state of high blood alcohol content (BAC), his or her decision making capacity is hampered.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drunk Driving and Its Consequences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different states have different laws and legislations to legal drinking limit (blood alcohol content (BAC)), that someone can be allowed to drive. For instance some countries have blood alcohol content  in excess of 0.05% or 0.08% defines the offense while others have higher levels. Despite the varying rates, the underlying principle is that drinking under the influence of alcohol is risky (Laurence Gusfield, 1994). This paper dis cusses issues and consequences relating to drunk-driving. Issues around drunk-driving In all states of the United States, it is illegal to drive under the influence of alcohol beyond the set limit per state, according the countries legal definition, drunk driving is driving when one has taken alcohol to the extent that his or her mental  and  motor skills  are impaired. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), about 40% of death on road accidents in 2006 was as a result of drunk-driving; it estimated that 17,941 people died in 2006 in alcohol-related collisions. It is the realisation of such statistics that each state in the country has its own drunk-driving reinforcement measures and methods. Consequences of drunk-driving When driving under the influence of alcohol, the driver ignores traffic signs, symbols, and lights; with the ignorance there is high chance that he will do the forbidden causing an accident. In the United States for instance, the leading cause of deaths for people under the age of 24 years is motor vehicle wrecks, of which 40% are alcohol related. When driving, the driver is in control of the machine with the decisions that he will make, when someone is drunk, the decisions that he or she will make are likely to be triggered by the intoxication resulting to the wrong decision. Some of the common forms of accidents that drunkenness leads to include getting into ditch, rolling, hitting another car (either stationary or otherwise), using the wrong lane resulting to head on collision, hitting pedestrians, and unnecessary hooting. When any form of above form of accidents occurs, the passengers/pedestrian risks the chance of dying or suffering from permanent disability (Buddy, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accident related medical bills are a challenge to the authorities, they led to economic retard ation and stretching of medical facilities. When someone is a victim of an accident, the paid and the psychological trauma is likely to affect his lifestyle thereafter, the rate at which he will be producing or contributing to personal economic development will be hampered; the United States is among those nations with high rates of drunk-driving. The United States of America has enacted various laws and legislations to control drunk-drinking in the country. The policies include strict penalties on arrested offenders; the penalties include cancellation of one’s driving licence, imprisonment, and fine. Of the late, the country has enacted the Paradigm Developmental Model of Treatment (PDMT) which aims at rehabilitating drunk-driving drivers. To ensure that the laws are being followed, state governments’ works with traffic police to enforce the laws (Appel, 2009). References Appel, M. (2009). Must physicians report impaired driving? Rethinking a duty on a collision cours e with itself.  The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 20  (2): 136–40. Buddy, T. (2007). Drunk Driving The  Dangers. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/drunk-driving-the-dangers-63002 Laurence, R., Gusfield, F. (1994).  Confronting Drunk Driving. Yale: Yale University Press

The Crowdfunding Craze

The Crowdfunding Craze Crowdfunding sites pop up all over the internet, competing with the two big early giants Kickstarter and Indiegogo. Some crowdfunding sites cater more to creative artists, others to charitable projects or tech startups. A few dedicate themselves to fine writing, pushing the evolution of the publishing industry. These platforms create unique communities that pair writers and readers, letting them mingle online. The three currently vying for writers and supporters of fine prose are: Unbound: UK based. Believes that people who love books deserve a say in what gets published. The model is simple: The author pitches an idea. Readers support it. With enough support, the book is published Pubslush: (featured in 05/09/2014 FFW newsletter) similar to Kickstarter with tiered rewards. Allows authors to raise funds for books, publishing and literary events. All projects must raise a minimum of $500. If no one funds the project in the first 2 weeks, it disappears. The site provides authors with a platform to gauge reader interest. Once successfully funded and the manuscript has been uploaded, the fund button morphs into a purchase icon, driving sales. Inkshares: For novels, illustrated books and articles. Combines traditional aspects of legacy publishing houses, such as editing, marketing, book design and distribution with do-it-your-self entrepreneurial spirit, so authors play an active role throughout. Successful projects are edited I decided to test drive the Inkshares system, launching an article for Pollinator Week: Stung: In Search of Honey Bees. I set a modest goal of $540 for a 6,000 word piece. A big chunk of the funds will go towards editing. Believing that an early push helps drive others to fund, Inkshares kicks in an extra $5 for every new backer during the first 10 days of the campaign. Experience taught me crowdfunding requires diligence, especially if your audience isn’t web savvy. Although I reached over 35% of my goal in the first 3 days, in retrospect it would have been better to develop a clear marketing strategy before launching. Due to the lag time in magazine publishing some of my media blitzes will not appear until early August, near the end of my campaign. If I ever decide to launch a larger book crowdfunding project, this footwork will come first: = Line up 10 supporters in place to back small amounts immediately = Draft personal campaign letters to potential backers in advance; send immediately when project launches = Let relevant magazines, blogs and clubs know about the campaign in advance, identifying relevant tie-ins so they announce the project to their members/readers. = Engage in public events locally, spreading the word via flyers = Have a greater social media presence on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Tumblr, etc. prior to launching, so I have increased name recognition and my campaign spreads online. All three sites allow the author to share drafts or excerpts during the funding phase, building excitement and enthusiasm in their sponsors. These sponsors turn into advocates, driving others to your work. Readers will often offer advice, comments and suggestions, creating a two-way exchange between the author and their audience.   Crowdfunding platforms have the potential to revolutionize the publishing industry, but they require dedication, enthusiasm and lots of advance planning.

Ultimate List of Content Marketing Platforms, Software and Tools You Need

Ultimate List of Content Marketing Platforms, Software and Tools You Need There are tons of marketing tools and platforms out there. Not to mention other free resources. And guides. So many guides. Oh, and let’s not forget books, courses, and other knowledge and skill-building resources. What can we say? It’s a complex and fast-moving business. Keeping organized while covering skill gaps and staying on top of the latest trends isn’t easy. But, nor should it be. If it were easy, everyone would be crushing it. So, how can you give yourself the edge? Start by narrowing down your tools and learning resources to the essentials. The things you absolutely need that will help you succeed. In this post, we’ve brought together everything you need in one place. Consider this your catalog for a better future. Ultimate List of Content Marketing Platforms, Software and Tools You Need There are tons of marketing tools and platforms out there. Not to mention other free resources. And guides. So many guides. Oh, and let’s not forget books, courses, and other knowledge and skill-building resources. What can we say? It’s a complex and fast-moving business. Keeping organized while covering skill gaps and staying on top of the latest trends isn’t easy. But, nor should it be. If it were easy, everyone would be crushing it. So, how can you give yourself the edge? Start by narrowing down your tools and learning resources to the essentials. The things you absolutely need that will help you succeed. In this post, we’ve brought together everything you need in one place. Consider this your catalog for a better future. Ultimate List of Content Marketing Platforms, Software and Tools You Need There are tons of marketing tools and platforms out there. Not to mention other free resources. And guides. So many guides. Oh, and let’s not forget books, courses, and other knowledge and skill-building resources. What can we say? It’s a complex and fast-moving business. Keeping organized while covering skill gaps and staying on top of the latest trends isn’t easy. But, nor should it be. If it were easy, everyone would be crushing it. So, how can you give yourself the edge? Start by narrowing down your tools and learning resources to the essentials. The things you absolutely need that will help you succeed. In this post, we’ve brought together everything you need in one place. Consider this your catalog for a better future.

Introduction Apple, Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction Apple, Inc - Research Paper Example was incorporated on January 3, 1977,  in  Cupertino, California (About-apple.com, 2015). In December 1980, Apple went public by launching an Initial Public Offering (IPO). The IPO was a smashing hit and raised more money than any other IPO since Ford Motor Company’s IPO in 1956. Many of Apple’s employees became instant millionaires by virtue of their stock options (Deffree, 2014). In January, 1984, Steve Jobs unveiled the Macintosh, a computer equipped with graphical user interface. A strained relationship with John Sculley, the then CEO, led to Steve Job’s resignation from Apple Computer, Inc. in 1985 (Siegel, 2011). Apple Computer, Inc. did not fare well after Jobs departure and the company nearly collapsed. It reported one of its worst financial performances in the last quarter of 1996 and the initial phase of 1997. The top management decided to bring back Steve Jobs (Hemert, 2010). Thereafter, there has been no looking back for the company. Apple Computers launched a series of immensely successful products including the iPod in 2001, iPhone in 2007 and iPad in 2010. Since the company expanded its product portfolio, Apple Computer, Inc. was renamed Apple, Inc. in January 2007 (Honan, 2007). As of today, Apple, Inc. is a well-renowned name in the world of consumer electronics, personal computers and software (Apple, 2015). Deffree, S. (2014). Apple IPO makes instant millionaires, December 12, 1980.  EDN Network. Retrieved from http://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/edn-moments/4403276/Apple- IPO-makes-instant-millionaires--December-12--1980 Hemert, K. (2010).  25 Years Ago Today, Steve Jobs Left Apple.  Gizmodo. Retrieved 20 February 2015, from

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture Essay - 2

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture - Essay Example The article stipulates that the organization theory along with the concepts of business ethics usually reflects on the organization of man’s cooperative activities and how they should actually be organized. However, the article suggests that the probable symbiosis that exists between the fields of business ethics along with organization cultures has not yet been fully identified. The article does provide a brief summary of organizational theories for the purpose of providing non professionals in the field of business ethics with appropriate information on the running of business. This article additionally provides information concerning the four research subjects that are applicable in the organizational culture field along with the business ethics one. It also offers several diverse theoretical perspectives on the business ethics along with organizational culture fields (Heugens & Scherer, 2010). Finally, the article also explores what organizational theories have to offer to the field of business ethics along with what could be the potential boundaries of this contribution. The author provides an upbeat description of the relationship that exists between these two fields while insisting that the latent symbiosis that exists between them is inspiring and enormous. It is relevant to business ethics since to the employees of an organization; their management utilizes them in setting the firm’s tone along with their general working environments. This is done by helping to state their professional rights along with private rights within an organization. They also greatly assist in determining how employees should behave in the course of performing their duties. In addition, they also help in ensuring that the working environments are safe while making the organizations work schedules to be fair and thoughtful of their welfare. This article states that when the management of an organization fails to uphold the employee’s ethical rights,

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Logistics - Essay Example Defined as "the management of product and information flows from original source to final customer in a manner which adds value to the external customer," (Baudin 2005, p. 5) logistics represents a key bundle of resources that can be applied successfully to the task of providing best net value for the customer (see Appendix table 1). Following Naylor (2002), the first is that of the logistics concept itself, and the proposition that it represents a comprehensive process that is of strategic importance as well as boundary-spanning in terms of significance. Second, global logistics systems provide unique and meaningful opportunities to create customer value. Third, a number of contemporary tools and approaches validate and facilitate the effectiveness of logistics to the task of value creation. Fourth, logistics is well positioned to take advantage of the new strategic management process. In fact, there is considerable justification to think of logistics as one of the key strategic sys tems responsible for providing certain customer-valued products and services. Intermediaries are often defined as a third party logistics which means â€Å"the use of an outside company to perform all or part pf a firm’s materials management and product destinations function† (Simchi-Levi et al 2008, p. 249). The main benefits of the intermediaries are (1) lower total cost (through logistics improvements), (2) faster response to changing volume needs (through the closer location), and (3) faster provision of technical consulting help (Stroh, 2006). They have also implemented the process changes enhancing value to be delivered to the customer and reducing sacrifice. Similarly, manufacturing decisions that appear to reduce cost may in fact be unwise from a global system perspective. Product in long runs or delaying a switchover may reduce efficiencies and unit costs. As a result, revenue can be lost owing to the

Memo about organizational change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Memo about organizational change - Assignment Example Therefore, mangers should have to the ability to manage change in the organization. Change is a strategy for success and enhancing the performance of the organization. This essay proposes a specific organizational change, as well as, the reason for the change in the organization. Blackberry Limited, which was formerly known as Research in Motion Limited, is a company in question that I will propose an organization change (Rothwell & Roland, 24). The company is based in Canada and deals with telecommunication and wireless equipment, as well as, the provider of a secure high and reliable software for Mobile Device Management and industrial application. The company is commonly known for the development of blackberry brand of tablets and smartphones. The company should change their organizational strategy by reducing the workforce that was meant to save the organizations money that they do not have as another phone company’s such as Apple and Samsung have dominated the market. The reason for organizational change in Blackberry limited has been associated with the financial struggle they have gone through that has been; as a result, competition. The value of the proposed change is that it will help the organization in getting back where it was before its competitors entered into the market. This is because there has been an increase in the number of phone companies globally that are making smartphones that have the same features as those found in blackberry. Blackberry decided to lay off their employees as they could not raise enough money to cater for their salaries. However, in a memo released by CEO John Chen he indicated that the company had completed its workforce reductions that have been on for three years. For that reason, the company was willing to hire only if the market did not get worse. The workforce reduction

Plea Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plea Bargaining - Essay Example Sometimes evidence, prior history, wealth and family can lure someone in power to change the way they may feel about prosecution others. The prosecuting attorney is the one who would decide whether a plea bargain is suitable. This should not be the case. A prosecuting attorney can decide to let someone whom is convicted to accept a plea bargain. Sometimes the plea bargain is given to the wrong person. Plea bargaining should be abolished under certain circumstances. Crimes that are a felony offense should not be able to accept a plea bargain. If the charge is damaging enough to qualify as a felony, the charge should not be able to be lessened. Those who are guilty of a certain crime should be held responsible for the crime committed. To give an example of why plea bargaining should be abolished in some cases is important. If a man in convicted of a felony rape charge, the charge can put the man in jail. In jail he will be forced to serve time for a crime that he committed. While in ja il, he can no longer hurt anyone else. If the man is offered a plea bargain and this plea bargain will keep him out of jail, he will be free to be out on the streets again. In this case, he may commit another crime. This can allow taking another victim. It is easy to see how this could have been avoided. On the other hand, there is a good side to offering a plea bargain.

Memo about organizational change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Memo about organizational change - Assignment Example Therefore, mangers should have to the ability to manage change in the organization. Change is a strategy for success and enhancing the performance of the organization. This essay proposes a specific organizational change, as well as, the reason for the change in the organization. Blackberry Limited, which was formerly known as Research in Motion Limited, is a company in question that I will propose an organization change (Rothwell & Roland, 24). The company is based in Canada and deals with telecommunication and wireless equipment, as well as, the provider of a secure high and reliable software for Mobile Device Management and industrial application. The company is commonly known for the development of blackberry brand of tablets and smartphones. The company should change their organizational strategy by reducing the workforce that was meant to save the organizations money that they do not have as another phone company’s such as Apple and Samsung have dominated the market. The reason for organizational change in Blackberry limited has been associated with the financial struggle they have gone through that has been; as a result, competition. The value of the proposed change is that it will help the organization in getting back where it was before its competitors entered into the market. This is because there has been an increase in the number of phone companies globally that are making smartphones that have the same features as those found in blackberry. Blackberry decided to lay off their employees as they could not raise enough money to cater for their salaries. However, in a memo released by CEO John Chen he indicated that the company had completed its workforce reductions that have been on for three years. For that reason, the company was willing to hire only if the market did not get worse. The workforce reduction

Paper Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper Critique - Essay Example Since Chondrus crispus is dominant in the low tidal zone, Lubchenco looked at the effect of Chondrus crispus on the lower limit of F. vesiculosus and F. distichus zone: Chondrus crispus was removed from a section of the lower tidal zone at each site, and recolonization of the section was monitored regularly. (This involved either scrapping the erect part of Chondrus crispus off the rocks to mimic natural removal of Chondrus thallus during a winter storm, or removing even the Chondrus crust to mimic the rarely occurring complete Chondrus destruction by limpet grazing or ice scouring). I believe that in such a complex system as a natural ecosystem, it is hard to point to a single factor (biotic or abiotic) as the main determinant of a species specialization to a particular environment. In my opinion the author performed this part of the study in a rather biased way and looked solely at the effect of Chondrus crispus on the lower limits of fucoid species zone. I would suggest locating other environments with the same zonation pattern and comparing them to identify the range of parameters that are common among them. Another option might be examining the effect of the best three candidate biotic and abiotic factors in laboratory simulation conditions and looking whether these influence significantly the Fucus capacity to colonize the low tidal zone. 4. The author succeeded partially in answering and discussing the questions posed in the study. Her data confirmed that biotic factors do play a role in zonation pattern formation, along with previously identified abiotic factors. These data also demonstrated that inter-species competition and herbivory are the two biotic factors affecting species zonation patterns, with competition determining species survival, and herbivory affecting species abundance. Lubchenco discussed extensively the niche width-related question and concluded that this is

Christianity and Time Period Essay Example for Free

Christianity and Time Period Essay Christianity had a big impact on Europe culturally, economically, and politically through the 600 to 1750 C. E. time period. Christianity during these time periods had great many changes but also had a variety of continuities that were alike as well. The Christian faith through this time period in Europe went through multiple reforms. Reforms such as the Protestant Reformation, led by Martin Luther, had a severe impact on the Catholic Church and Christians everywhere in Europe. Also the change of the political power of the papacy and the effect it also had on Europe’s economy. Culturally Christianity had a big impact on Europe, seeing as almost everyone in that region considered themselves Christians. Christianity during the 600’s was on the rise and this caused various different forms of ideas of what people thought Christianity was. Most Christians in the 600’s to the 1500’s were Catholics and the Catholic Church had clear power in Europe politically and economically. Of course, this all started to change around 1517 when Martin Luther published â€Å"The Ninety-Five Thesis† that got people thinking about the downfalls of the church and the reasons to join the Protestant Church during this time period which effected European culture in such a short period of time because of one man’s attempt to overthrow the Catholic Church in Europe in the 1500’s. This split between the Christians led to European Wars of Religion in the 1600’s that eventually ended and came to peace with the â€Å"Peace of Westphalia†. Despite the ending of the wars Europe’s Church was still split in two and caused many changes in Europe culturally. Although there were a great many changes in Europe’s culture there was also a continuity that kept these three time periods alike. This continuity was the fact that despite all of these obstacles that the Catholic Church and the Christians face over the 600 to 1750 time period they still kept going and stayed intact because of the love of culture and religion in Europe during this time period. Economically Christianity affected Europe in a variety a different ways.

Marketing Analysis Of The Product Olay Marketing Essay

Marketing Analysis Of The Product Olay Marketing Essay The Procter Gamble As a consumer goods company PG had global, on the ground presence in about 150 countries, more than 300 brands manufacturing, distribution and selling acclivities going on day to day basis. PG compete a wide collection of categories ranging from baby care, household care, fabric care, beauty care, food and food care, per care and as well as health care. Olay The trust by the women over fifty years made Olay as the world wide leader in skin care products. The entrepreneurial and innovative chemist Graham wulff, from South Africa, in the early 1950s developed the formula for Olay. In next followed twenty years, graham along with his business partner Mr. Jack Lowe, put up the company that they both shaped to market Olay hooked on successful international organization with a 10 million dollar turnover a year. When Mr. Wulff functioning for the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) in South Africa in the early 1950s. As he was a productive inventor, he set up a laboratory at his home, at his home he used to develop products at his free time. He determined to formulate a product which extensively cares for skin, as his attention turned to skin care. The brilliant advertising and marketing intuition of Mr. Jack Lowes has invented the first name as Oil of Olay, designed the label and wrote on the pack copy. Jack wrote the advertising copy to the magazines and newspapers as tips and beauty hints with suggestions on how to use the product. Then Adams National Industries formed by both the partners Graham and Jack to market Oil of Olay. A high demand made to the product as Oil of Olay made remarkable to success in the South African market. The extremely effective style advertisements proved by the reader. In 1985 Procter Gamble acquired the Oil of Olay making Oil of Oaly from strength to strength. PRODUCT LINE OLAY Olay has offering a multitude of 11 product line, some of them are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Olay Professional Pro-X Olay Professional Pro-X is a scientifically advanced line of skin care that gives you younger-acting, younger-looking skin in 28 days. Guaranteed.* It works by resignaling your skin to repair the moisture barrier and boost the surface-cell turnover rate. The result? A new anti-aging breakthrough thats potent, proven, and professional. Olay Definity The face of anti-aging will forever be redefined. Go beyond lines and wrinkles. New Olay Definity transforms the look of brown spots, dullness and uneven skin tone. The result? A look thats highly defined. Luminous. More flawless. Olay Regenerist Olay Regenerist, formulated with the exclusive Olay Amino-Peptide Complex, beautifully regenerates skins appearance, without irritation, by renewing its outer layer one cell at a time. The result is skin that looks, feels and behaves more like new skin. Total Effects The key to the success of Total Effects is its exclusive VitaNiacin formula. Proven effective in fighting multiple signs of aging, this exclusive combination helps rejuvenate and beautify your skin while improving the condition of the skins moisture barrier. Olay Complete Olay Complete moisturizers give your skin all-day moisture, vitamins and UVA/UVB protection in a lightweight formula for healthy skin every day. Suitable for all skin types, Olay Complete matches your skins needs with its formulas for regular, sensitive, combination/oily or extra dry skin. Olay Hydrate Cleanse Olay Hydrate Cleanse dissolves oil, makeup and dirt while a mild surfactant gel matrix helps to sweep away impurities for a clean, rinsed feel. Formulated with an emollient cleanser and skin hydrators, Olay Hydrate Cleanse leaves skin feeling and looking beautifully healthy. Daily Facials Daily Facials gently clears away oil, dirt and makeup down to the pores, leaving your skin refreshed, rejuvenated and beautifully clean. From quick, convenient cloths to double-sided discs to powerful scrubs, masks and more, Daily Facials has a cleansing product perfect for you. Olay Clarity Life can be stressful, but it doesnt have to get under your skin. Olay Clarity is the first line of Olay cleansers with a dual-hydroxy formula to actually help your skin resist blemishes aggravated by stress and hormones, day after stressful day. Olay Body Lotion Olay Body Lotion products dont just moisturize. They actually strengthen the skins natural moisture barrier to prevent dry skin over time, thus breaking the cycle of dry skin. The result is a strong, essentially impermeable moisture barrier that protects your healthy skin from the elements. With regular use, skin stays hydrated, supple and radiant even if you skip a day. Olay Body Cleansing Olays moisture-rich shower products will take your shower to a whole new level with luxurious moisturizers and skin-loving cleansers. Theres one thats just right for every skin type. Shower your body in skin-loving cleansers and moisturizers from Olay today. Olay Touch of Sun A moisturizer with a touch of sunless tanner, Olay Touch of Sun gives your skin a radiant, sun-kissed glow. No streaks. No orange coloring. No sun required. Source: www.docstoc.com/docs/14719894/Oil-Of-Olay-Products Skin Care Market: Skin care products consumption grew over the years of the review period. Women are spending more money to get a good look. For a better and younger look they are willing to try new products. to maintain consumer loyalty and loyalty, the companies in skin care industry adopting the latest technology and making the revolutionary substances to new products. The improved number of working women equates the women spending more money to spend more on their skin care, skin care become one of the favorite path for expenditure. Brand Strength: The introduction of Skin Tone Analysis System (STAS) by PGs Olay brand in selected stores enables Olay beauty consultants with a proper training to analyze customers skin type as well as perform consultations to suggest the best product to meet their needs. Aimed at the clinical dermatology market created at CDP originally development of technology is STAS. STAS encourages brand loyalty increasing the basket spends, as it is powerful sales tool providing the customers along with graphical demonstration of the science that backed the range of Olay. http://www.cambridge-design.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/pdf/ProductSystems.pdf Olay Strenghts: http://www.beautyandaging.com/oil-of-olay-review Olay is made available widely in may retail stores and also made available online as well. Olay has innovated many product lines in the skin care segment to reach a different and a large variety of consumers world wide who have their own set of needs, and most importantly Olay is a very long established company under Procter Gambles hood which is one of the largest companies and globally dominating. Olay has a spread widely all over by installing kiosks in malls and retail stores through out and had achieved a large number of customers who are quite happy with the positive results of the product. The brands range from high end to low end, respectively, to reach different demographics. Olay does have free samples on their websites, which does allow users to try out their products without any obligation to them initially, making it an attractive offer. Nonetheless, this is a skin care line specifically geared toward anti aging prevention in women. The main ingredients of Olay are pentacide peptides that helps in reduction of wrinkles and make the skin look younger ,because of its miracle treatment success the consumers are quite satisfied with its results thereby making them buy the product again and again. Olay weaknesses: Some of the issues found in Olay ingredients are that there are no results from the clinical trials which they had posted for any of the product lines in their website. And also the unavailiabilty of personal testimonies makes it difficult to believe all the claims of their products because the reviews given on them did not have names or pictures. It was hard be convinced of the credibility of these type of claims when more details were not provided with the result that each person had using the skin care line. Another problem that occurred was that customers are not able to directly purchase Olay through Olay.com, making them have to go to another source. The odds are that you have heard of Olay before because it is so well known as a big name brand. This product line has a lot of money that has gone into it, but they are still lacking the conclusive information necessary with the support of clinical evidence to show what their products really have to offer.   One more issue could be the fact that this line targets women specifically who are middle-aged and also some of the main ingredients used have been contentious in the past. This includes the use of additives like glycerin, which have been argued will remove moisture from the skin instead of adding it to the complexion. Olay would do better to potentially focus on more powerful active ingredients in their skin care line to attract users. One of the main drawback of Olay is that its priced very high because of which not many customers buy the product as a result of which olay looses its customers to its competitors like Garnier, Loreal and others who are priced according to the mass market consumers. BRAND EFFECTIVENESS: There are significant benefits to a successful brand extension: Identify logical new product possibilities Capitalize on the paid-for equity in established brand names Enable a company to enter new categories at significantly lower cost Reduce the risk of failure given the already established awareness and trust Create a positive synergistic effect with the efficiencies of umbrella branding and advertising Reinforce the consumers perceptions of the parent brand name Bring news to existing brands when there is otherwise nothing new to say about them Brands are a constraint to enter into new variants. Brands (not production capabilities) are the prime barrier to entry into most categories. Many companies could make a cola, but only Coca-Cola owns that brand. As a result, well known existing brand names can be the way for a company to enter a new category that otherwise would be impossible. Our brand extension study for Reeses identified peanut butter as a logical brand extension. Hershey could not have efficiently entered the peanut butter category without the Reeses brand. In effect, brand extensions allow a company to capitalize on the previously paid for recognition, reputation and leverageable equity of its brand names. With the prohibitive cost of establishing new brands (just ask ex dot-coms), brand extensions save companies money. When done correctly, they also reinforce the properties of the existing parent product through synergy and bring news to the brand. It is not uncommon to find sales of the parent product rising a fter the launch of a successful brand extension. Notice how was the Olay brand introduced into the soap business: source: http://www.brandextension.org/benefits.html Olay has launched a various types of skin care products so as to extend the brand into different variants in the skin care segment very successfully there by validating its brand effectiveness prevailing on its consumers minds . The procedure of extending a brand also has other potential benefits. In recent years, the UKs cosmetics market has seen many brands launching exclusive and expensive lines after gaining some of the market share. Examples of this include Procter Gambles Olay skincare line.Olay on itself is a great example of a brand which recognized a need for multi-branding, which let them avoid one brand cannibalizing the market share of another as well as reserved more valuable space on stores shelves for their products. In November 2008, they launched a range of premium skincare products under its Olay brand. The Olay Pro-X range is aiming at mass market but is being marketed as a luxury product at the same time. This is closely related to PGs desire to re-position the b rand for high-end market customers. The Pro-X series is yet another additional line in Olays family and it benefits from the fact that the awareness of core brand can reduce costs. Olay has been an established and popular brand so its name will increase the willingness of consumers to try new brands. According to PG spokesman, Pro-X is aimed at customers who are more likely to buy mid- to premium-range skincare products from department stores. (Marketing Week, 30.10.08). The fact that Pro-X is an extension, not a new brand, makes it much easier for distributors and retailers to agree on distributing and selling it as they dont need to worry about potentially risky aspects, e.g. safety issues. Customers perceived risk of purchase also becomes lower than in the case of a completely new brand. PG first did a research if the online marketing would benfeit the brand and wether if it will influence the minds of the customers as they wondered that wether the payback is better than the other media choices in terms of influencing sales, they then focussed on effectiveness and have come up with a strategy as ., does online advertising affect sales? If it did, then how can the marketer achieve sales in the most cost efficient manner and it included the best frequency, targeting and other dynamics. PG started with an ample frequency of 40 ads per consumer over 8 weeks this was way too past the point making it expensive, however it was very effective and then the next step they took was to make the brand efficient and they cut the frequency down and entered online there by making a tremendous impact on its sales. BRAND VALUE: poolonline.com According to the source brand value mainly on the financial performance and the brand market performance and olay has very efficiently balanced both its financial and the brands market performance. Olay is Britains bestselling skincare product, according to Marketings Biggest Brands survey. However, year-on-year sales were down by 11% in the 12 months to July 2005, and in this years Readers Digest Most Trusted Brands survey, Nivea knocked Olay off top spot being one amongst its tough competitor (bowery). Olay undoubtedly has done a marvelous job of building on its heritage of skincare for its majorcore target the older women. Women of this age have a greater disposable income and will buy premium products, even if using mass-market brands for their daily skincare. The major challenge for Olay is to target young customers. The anti-ageing brands are driven by constantly changing ingredients, making it hard to build specific benefit loyalty. Olay s ads are approachable and real. It is a safe, trusted and comfortable brand.(according to SHIRIN VALIPOUR GLOBAL BUSINESS DIRECTOR, JWT) source: http://www.market-intelligence.com.au/images/brand.png AWARDS: Olay has received quite some awards stating its Brand loyalty,Brand image among which some of the latest awards are., Glamour Magazine gave their Glammy Award toOlay Regenerist Eye Lifting Serum, for Best Drugstore Eye Cream,(September, 2009). Life Style Magazine gave their Beauty Award to Olay Definity Eye Illuminator , for Best Eye Cream, (August, 2009). Better Homes and Gardens Best New Product Award goes to.. Olay Definity Color Recapture for Best New Anti-Aging Product and Best New Product Overall in a survey among 50,000 consumers, (January,2009) Consumer Survey of Product Innovation gave their Product of the Year Award to Olay Body Wash plus Spa Exfoliating Ribbons Winner Body Care Category. Survey of 100,000 people by TNS. (January, 2009). These awards prove that the brand has made a significant impact on the consumers mindsets and has established a very strong brand loyalty, and also its Brand Image as an unbeatable market leader in the skincare industry in the anti ageing cosmetic sector. TARGET MARKET: Olay mainly targets middle aged women from 25-45 as the product is for reducing wrinkles with the basic concept of looking young and therefore so is the target market, though Olay could have implemented research and developed new age products for younger women to achieve the market share and increase is brand equity, Inspite of very few publics falling into the brands target the brand has marked a place as a global leading skin care product. MARKET SHARE: BRAND IMAGE: CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS: BHAI PLZ HELP OUT WITH THIS UNTIL THEN I WILL FIGURE OUT THE REFERENCESà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ OK MERE BHAI ..

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Homosexuality is Abnormal and Immora

Homosexuality is Abnormal and Immoral      Ã‚   Of all topics most popular in today's media, issues concerning homosexuals and homosexuality in general top the list. Homosexuality is generally defined as a sexual relationship between partners of the same sex. Debate concerning its causes and consequences has been going on for many centuries and almost in every period in human history. However, never before in human history has it been granted such wide scale acceptance in western society as it has now. The question that I seek to answer in this paper is whether such wide scale acceptance should in fact be granted to homosexual behavior? Is such behavior rational, scientifically functional or is it actually detrimental to the high level of civilization that we've achieved?    I) THE SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE: Scientifically speaking, sex is a means to an end. The end being the propagation of the human race. This end can never be fulfilled by sex between males (in the case of gays) or between females (in the case of lesbians). Therefore, the general conclusion is that homosexuality is irrational and illogical.    If we consider the construction of the bodies of the male and female, what is noticed at once is that the construction of a body of a male (the penis and the anus- i.e no vagina) does not accommodate having sex with another male. Nor does the construction of a body of a female (no penis, a vagina) accommodate sex with another female. What is obvious to common sense is that the construction and location of specific sexual organs in the bodies of a male and a female accommodate sex between a male and a female and not among members of the same sex. Therefore, the conclusion once again is that homosexuality i... ...ciety prospers. If clear and concrete evidence were indeed found in the other direction, I would gladly change my above conclusions. Therefore let our end be towards the truth! "..What is left after the truth except error? How then are you turned away."(Koran10:32)    WORKS CITED Comer, Ronald J. Abnormal Psychology. New York, W.H Freeman Co, 1992 Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version, Iowa, World Bible Publishers Inc, 1971. "Homosexuality", Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol 6 (Micropaedia). 15th ed, 1990 Koran. Translation, Picthall, M. Marmaduke, Lahore, Taj co 1981. Macionis, John J. Sociology. New Jersey, Prentice Hall International, 1987. "Reproduction Reproductive Systems", Encyclopaedia Britannica,vol 26 (Macropaedia), 15th ed. 1990. "Sex Sexuality", Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol 27 (Macropaedia). 15th ed, 1990.   

Laptops - Dell, Apple, HP Essay -- Economics Dell Computers Technology

Laptops - Dell, Apple, HP Supply is the amount of a product suppliers are willing to make and sell at a number of possible prices. The firm that I have chosen are a multinational company called ?Dell?. My firm that I have chosen to use produces many products such as; computers, handheld computers, laptops, printers, mouse and keyboards, flat monitor screens. It also sells computer accessories and separate repair parts like; hard-disks, DVD-RW drives. It sells products like CD-RW and DVD-RW disks which you can copy movies or games or songs onto them, they sell these as complementary goods of a DVD and CD player. Dell?s type of ownership is a multinational company whose firm objectives are to have profit growth and ?to cease an increase in their product sales?, meaning they get a bigger part of the market demand for that particular product. They are an incorporated company as in they do have USA or UK parts to their company. E.g. their internet sites, they have separate internet sites like .co.uk and .com for all around the world. There is something called VAT/tax levied on their products, which is 17.5% on top of their selling price. The VAT/tax does not actually belong to Dell, it belongs to the government, and this is how the government get their money to dish out to separate parts of the market to help hospitals so that the public get satisfaction of safety. I have enclosed a catalogue at the end of this essay for evidence on all of there products. Demand is the amount of a product demanded by customers at a certain price over a certain period of time. Customers seek to gain satisfaction from each purchase they make, which links in with the ?feel good factor?. To be an effective demand consumer m... ... What types of computers have you seen advertised and are broadcasted either on the television or the radio that you can remember? 3. When you have gone abroad, have you noticed any of Dell?s adverts or promotional campaigns anywhere? 4. Have you ever bought any of Dell?s products that were on special offers? 5. Where did you hear about Dell? 6. What shops do you know that sell Dell?s products? 7. When talking about computers is Dell ever mentioned? I have completed a survey at PC World, which sells all sorts of varieties of computers laptops and computer equipment in general. I then recorded many laptops of each make they had on show in their store. Dell 28 Hp 21 Acer 16 Apple 7 So as you can see from this set of results. I then asked the manager of the store and he told me that the best selling laptop was Dell.

Nationalism and its key factors Essay

Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal to their nation rather than their king. The six bonds that create a nation-state are nationality, language, culture, history, religion, and territory. While the United States does not share all of these same features, I still believe it is a nation-state. Nationality is a belief in a common ethnic ancestry. I believe that the United States does not have a common ancestry. Almost everyone is not a true American and has had ancestors immigrate here from another country. We are not all from the same place. Although there are many bi-lingual people in the US, almost everyone speaks a common language, English. It is our national language and it is standardized just about everywhere. Culture is another area where the US fits into Nationalism. Almost everyone follows the American styles of clothing. We also all, for the most part, eat all of the same foods and behave in the same ways. I believe the US also has a common history. Even though almost everyone has an ancestor that immigrated from another country at one time or another, most Americans believe that the history of the United States is their own. There is not one single religion in the United States. One of the United States’ selling points was its freedom of religion. While there are some more popular religions, there is not one that is shared by mostly all Americans. While most of these points can be argued, I believe that the issue on territory cannot. The United States has its own borders and areas that belong to it. This land is known to the world as United States territory and is considered by everyone to be its land. While the United States does not hold all of the bonds to be true, I still believe it to be a Nation-State. It cannot be argued that almost every  citizen of the United States is loyal to the country itself.

Lev Vygotsky’s Theory Essay

The development or the growing-up process of a child has been considered as the most critical and crucial part of a person’s life. It is in this stage where most changes take place which determines the strength or weakness of the foundations of one’s skills and capabilities as he or she grows up. Human development has also been an interesting topic or research in the field of psychology over the years. Theories and concepts have been formulated and developed in order to create a wide understanding of the process of human development as it plays a significant part in a person’s foundation as an adult. The developmental process of a child includes several aspects like the physiological, emotional, and cognitive development. In this paper, the focus shall be on cognitive development and the process of language acquisition, as proposed and theorized by Lev Vygotsky. What is Cognitive Development and Language Acquisition? Cognitive development is a part of the overall dynamic process of human maturity. In current media, a lot of products like milk, supplements, and health commodities for children have been advertised to contribute on improving the wellness of a child’s cognitive development. This shows how the current society values this aspect of child development with special importance. Cognitive development pertains to how an individual understands and grasps ideas through learned factors and genetics as well. This developmental aspect is made up of five fields, namely, information processing, intelligence, reasoning, language development, and memory (Wells, 2008). Understanding the whole cognitive development of a child may not be complete without understanding these core fields. However, this paper shall focus on one area which is language development. The definition of intelligence and cognitive development has also become a popular debate among psychologists like Vygotsky and Piaget. Piaget defines intelligence as the ability of an individual to adapt to his or her environment through several adaptation models which include the concepts of assimilation and accommodation, both of which place stronger emphasis on the individual (cited in Lloyd, 1995). On the other hand, Vygotsky argues that cognitive development refers to the capacity of a person to learn through instruction with an emphasis on the environment. Moreover, Vygotsky saw the capability of individuals to learn through instruction as the basic feature of human intelligence (cited in Lloyd, 1995). In medical terms, language development can be identified as the process wherein the complexity of symbols, sounds, and meanings combined is being expanded steadily. This process shall depend on how a person interprets, understands, and perceives objects and symbols as influenced by his or her environment and learning process (Biology Online, 2005). Among children, especially those of 1 to 2 years of age, the early developments in language can be very well observed in their constant cooing, imitation of adult sounds and words, babbling, and use of shortened words and sentences (Biology Online, 2005). Lev Vygotsky’s Views on the Roots of Though and Language Lev Semenovich Vygotsky is a German psychologist who explained and expounded on the genetic approach to the early developments of thoughts and concepts in human development. He connected the changes and transitions occurring in this process from childhood to adulthood through a series of human developmental stages (Marxist Internet Archive, 1990). Although his theories have been rejected in the United States during the earlier part of the political conflict between the U. S. and Soviet Union, his works still became popular as the Cold War ended up to present date. His works basically revolved around the roots of thought and language. It will be easier to understand Vygotsky’s theories in psychology by understanding the main arguments from which his theories are rooted from. His main arguments about intelligence and cognitions state that, (1) thinking is understood developmentally in terms of its roots and succeeding growth at the individual and cultural levels of analysis; (2) thinking is interceded by semiotic mechanisms like speech which can be considered as the most powerful of such mechanisms; and (3) there are certain thinking processes like problem solving, voluntary memory, and self-regulation which have roots from social processes and interactions (Vygotsky cited in Goswami, 2004). As one may observe, more often than not, Vygotsky used the terms â€Å"speech† and â€Å"thinking† than language and thought. This preference to use such terms was believed to be linked with his perception of speech as a social or shared process (Lloyd, 1995). For Vygotsky, the developments of thinking and speech are two separate entities: thought being non-verbal and language being non-intellectual. However, he explained that during a specific time in a person’s life (around the age of two), the lines of development of these two areas start to meet again to induce the creation of a new behavior (Vygotsky cited in Schutz, 2004). He was able to expound his positions on this concept as he noted that, (1) thinking and speech have different roots at the start of their development; (2) at the beginning, there will be a pre-intellectual stage for speech and a pre-linguistic stage for thought; (3) there will come a point in time when these two aspects shall follow different curves unaffected with each other; (4) at a second point, their curves shall meet where thought will turn verbal, and speech, on the other hand, will turn rational; and lastly, (5) thinking and speech are not always overlying each other (Lloyd, 1995). Vygotsky’s theory has also been particular about the construction of words and acquisition of word meanings. He explains that the formation of word and word meaning is in a way related to how a child perceives a problem in communicating with his or her guardian. Vygotsky claims that word meanings are derived from the problem of not knowing what to call or how to describe a specific object, feeling, or thought, which the child usually asks from an adult (cited in Schutz, 2004). Vygotsky also acquired interest in understanding the possibilities that language may indeed affect how a person thinks. In contrast to Piaget’s focus on children’s egocentric and private speech, Vygotsky dealt with language as a form of social communication which progressively supports both language and thinking process. Applications of Vygotsky’s Constructivist Cognition Concept to a Child’s Education and Language formation Vygotsky’s Language Acquistion Theory has been influenced by the constructivist approach. In constructivism, problem solving is the core idea of all forms of learning, thinking, and development; that is, as a child encounters a problem and discovers consequences for its solutions, he or she eventually forms his or her thinking and understanding of a certain concept (Vygotsky cited in Brewer, 2007). In the constructivist view, prior knowledge plays a big part on how a child will perceive things as he or she grows up; that is, it is important for the learner to be able to construct new information into his or her current knowledge because the information connected to the learner’s prior experiences shall be forgotten easily. In application to real life situations, teachers can try to learn about the children’s prior knowledge about a specific problem or a specific topic which confuses them in order to gauge what the children already know and help them understand different experiences (Brewer, 2007). In relation to language development, Vygotsky also coined the concept of the zone of proximal development, which emphasizes that children acquire knowledge about objects and concepts they see as confusing through directed interactions from guardians, teachers, and parents. He explained that what children learn with the guidance and assistance of people around them appears to be a lot more suggestive of their learning development compared to what they usually do alone (Vygotsky, 1987, qtd. in Lloyd, 1995). Thus, speech and word meaning which is acquired by a child alone may not give him or her the utmost linguistic potential he or she can have. Language development as well as the other aspects of development a child goes through in the early years is highly important regardless of the learning genre or theory followed. Theories like Vygotsky’s language acquisition theory are formulated to give people specific basis of the different developmental processes. A child’s language development is never as plain as teaching him or her words and names; rather, it is a complex process which involves crucial elements and key areas where parents, teachers, and concerned guardians have to focus on in order to help the child realize his or her full potential. References Biology Online. (2005, October 3). Language Development.Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. biology-online. org/dictionary/Language_development Brewer, W. (2007). Learning theory: Constructivist approach. Answers. com. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. answers. com/topic/learning-theory-constructivist-approach Goswami, U. (2004). Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. Lloyd. P. (1995). Psychology: Cognitive and Language Development. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society. Marxist Internet Archive. (1990). Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich (1896-1934). Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. marxists. org/glossary/people/v/y. htm#vygotsky-lev Schutz, R. (2004, December 5). Vygotsky & language acquisition. English Made in Brazil. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. sk. com. br/sk-vygot. html Wells, K. R. (2008). Cognitive development. Encyclopedia of Children’s Health. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. healthofchildren. com/C/Cognitive-Development. html

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Abundant Living Essay Example for Free

Abundant Living Essay Abundant Living is an Adult Family Home located in Stanwood Washington. It â€Å"offers assisted living services for seniors who need help with daily living activities such as bathing, dressing, mobility, and medication assistance. † Their staff are â€Å" specially trained to care for residents with Alzheimers and other forms of dementia† (Abundant Living Adult Family Home Care Corporation, 2013). It currently has only one house supporting six full time residents and has a meager online presence consisting of only a website. The owners have recently bought another house with the goal of creating an additional adult family home and will soon be in need of six residents and at least four employees. Their current marketing strategies consist mainly of word of mouth and printed ads in local newspapers. This business could greatly bene? t from growing its online presence especially during this vulnerable time of expansion. There are currently over 73,000 residents in Snohomish County over the age of 65 (United States Census Bureau, 2013). Online marketing would make it much easier and more economical to reach a growing customer base whose online focus and technological prowess continues to increase. The real customer is not the elderly person themselves. It is usually their children, often in their ? fties and sixties, who are in need of a safe environment for their parents or loved ones to live where they can be assured that a high level of personal care and medical attention will be available. The idea of expanding online would be to market the business to a larger number of target customers than current marketing techniques are able to. An expanding customer base would allow the business to choose it’s residents based on level of care needed, matching personality characteristics with current residents, and those who can afford private pay instead of State pay. State pay residents often pay thousands of dollars less a month than those who can afford private pay; $4000-$1900 (M. Raymond, 2013). This combination of factors is important in choosing a resident as it maximizes the income that can be generated from the twelve rooms that are available to residents. The pgraded website would allow potential customers to see where they or their parents would be living, who they would be living with, and who would be taking care of them. It would increase awareness of the business’s new house and reach a much larger target audience. The website would be an online welcome mat for customers and advertise the business strengths such as a higher level of personal care, lower employee to resident ratios, increased ind ependence, and a more stable atmosphere for residents with Alzheimer’s or dementia. Also, a tab could be created on the website that would be a place for prospective employees to look for openings and determine if they would be a good ? t. Additionally, linking such social media sites as Facebook, Instagram, Google Plus, and Twitter it would better allow residents and their children or friends to keep in touch through photos and descriptions of recent resident special activities, events, business news, and daily occurrences. By creating social media pro? les for the business and linking it to the business website it would also greatly increase word of mouth advertising potential. Customers would be encouraged to like or follow the business on a variety of social media outlets allowing their friends to be exposed to the business and create free online word of mouth marketing. Increasing the online presence of the business would also has the possibility to increase the number of applicants for new employee positions. Abundant living’s direct competitors include Josephine Sunset Home in Stanwood and A Holistic Adult Family Home, LLC in Marysville. Josephine is a combination Nursing Home facility and Assisted Living. It is a much larger facility with a larger staff and a greater number of residents. Its major advantage is its availability to customers. With a larger facility and attainment by the state of Washington of a Skilled Nursing License Josephine is able to accept and care for a larger number of residents who also might require more intensive medical care. Its website is much more comprehensive, easier to use, and is more informative than Abundant Living’s. It also has a tab for employees. Josephine does have some key weaknesses though. The Skilled Nursing area is quite a bit more expensive than both Abundant Living and A Holistic Adult Family Home. Their rates vary from $237 a day to $263 a day. (J. Aungst, 2013). These rates are nearly double that of Abundant living. Also the level of care residents experience is not of the same quality of an Adult Family Home. Employees of Josephine have many more residents to care for than employees of Adult Family Homes that are limited to only six per house. In fact, at times Josephine employees may be responsible for as many as 20 residents. (W. Flaherty, 2013). This larger ratio of residents to employees leads to a less personal interaction with residents and a lower overall quality of life. A Holistic Adult Family Home is more similar in comparison to Abundant Living in that it is an Adult Family home with a Custodial Care license that is legally limited to six residents per house. Rates are similar to Abundant Living but still higher; $5100 a month versus $4000 a month. (E. Moody, 2013). Holistic already has two houses up and running doubling the capacity of Abundant Living. With all of these things in mind the marketing strategies that Abundant living should use are people, price, and product. Abundant Living’s ? e employees are one of its most valuable resources and can be extremely helpful in the marketing effort. They should be encouraged to spread awareness about the new house that will be opening soon and that every interaction should be treated as an interaction with a potential customer. Employees should be encouraged to embrace the business’s brand values of compassion, empathy, and professionalism. These employees could also be potential custome rs as they have parents of their own who are only getting older. Steps should be taken to increase employee morale as having happy and satis? ed employees increases the likelihood of having happy and satis? ed customers. Abundant Living’s main advantage over the competition is that they offer a level of care for their residents that is equal to or better than the competition for substantially less cost. With a waiting list of 25 customers in line for an availability the business should employ the market skimming strategy. The business should charge slightly higher price than they are now, around $4500 a month, for the ? rst residents to ? l the new house to recoup the costs of expansion and then reassess once those costs have been recouped. This will increase the return on investment while still maintaining competitive rates. The ? nal marketing strategy that could be used focuses on the actual product. Online marketing should concentrate on Abundant Living’s high level of care, low employee to resident ratio, and their success at the current house. Marketing efforts should focus on the augmented product of increased independence, a proven track record, and the creation of a stable environment for those with Alzheimer’s and ementia, helping to set the business apart from the competition This marketing can be accomplished by posting positive consumer reviews on the business website as well as comparing the business’s strengths to the competition’s weaknesses. By expanding online marketing techniques, focusing on the business’s product, price, and people, and setting itself apart from the competition Abundant Living will be poised to experience a very successful expansion and increase in market share.